Equal Protection Project Complaint Against University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Equal Protection Project Complaint Against University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
BY EMAIL (OCR.Chicago@ed.gov)
Adele Rapport
Regional Director
U. S. Department of Education
Office for Civil Rights – Region V
230 S. Dearborn Street, 37th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604
This is a federal civil rights complaint submitted pursuant to the U.S. Department of
Education’s Office for Civil Rights (“OCR”) discrimination complaint resolution procedures. 1 We
write on behalf of the Equal Protection Project of the Legal Insurrection Foundation, a non-profit
entity that, among other things, seeks to ensure equal protection under the law and non-
discrimination by the government and by recipients of government funds, and that opposes racial
and unlawful sex discrimination in any form.
1
See 42 U.S.C. § 2000d-1; 34 C.F.R. §§ 100.7, 100.8, and 100.9.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign)
August 19, 2024
Page 2 of 16
I. Title IX Violations (19) – Eight scholarships are offered exclusively to female students,
eight state a preference for female students, two are offered exclusively to male students,
and one states a preference for male students.
II. Title VI Violations (19) – These 19 scholarships are all offered exclusively or with a
stated preference for various groups based on race, color, or national origin including
students from underrepresented populations, students who are historically
underrepresented, students from minority groups, and students from various ethnic groups
or national origins including Czech, Lithuanian, Japanese, Latina/Latino, Iranian.
III. Title IX and Title VI (4) – These four scholarships discriminate based on both sex and
race either exclusively, e.g., eligibility is restricted to a male minority freshman, or with a
stated race/sex preference, e.g., minorities or women preferred.
In violation of Title XI and/or Title VI, each of UIUC’s 42 scholarships below illegally
discriminates based on sex, race, or both. Given the vast array of discriminatory scholarships, it is
clear that UIUC has a systemic non-compliance with federal civil rights laws. We request that OCR
investigate UIUC for the multiple violations of federal civil rights laws (Title IX and Title VI) as
set out below, and impose remedial and other relief
Legal Provisions
We summarize below the applicable law that governs the discriminatory scholarships
detailed later in this Complaint.
Title VI – Unlawful Racial Discrimination
UIUC violates Title VI by conditioning eligibility for or providing preferential treatment
for the scholarships listed below based on a student’s race,color or national origin. Title VI
prohibits intentional discrimination based on race, color or national origin in any “program or
activity” that receives federal financial assistance. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000d. The term “program or
activity” means “all of the operations . . . of a college, university, or other postsecondary institution,
or a public system of higher education.” See 42 U.S.C. § 2000d-4a(2)(A); Rowles v. Curators of
the Univ. of Mo., 983 F.3d 345, 355 (8th Cir. 2020) (“Title VI prohibits discrimination on the basis
of race in federally funded programs,” and thus applies to universities receiving federal financial
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign)
August 19, 2024
Page 3 of 16
assistance). UIUC receives and administers federal funds through numerous programs. 2 As UIUC
is a public institution, it is also subject to Title VI. 3
As you know, in Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harv. Coll.,
600 U.S. 181 (2023), the Supreme Court declared that “[e]liminating racial discrimination means
eliminating all of it …. The guarantee of equal protection cannot mean one thing when applied to
one individual and something else when applied to a person of another color. If both are not
accorded the same protection, then it is not equal.” Id. at 34 (cleaned up). “Distinctions between
citizens solely because of their ancestry [including race] are by their very nature odious to a free
people whose institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality.” Id. at 35.
2
See, e.g., UIUC website, Office of Student Financial Aid, “Federal Pell Grant,” found at
https://osfa.illinois.edu/types-of-aid/grants/federal-pell-grant.; id., “Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG),” found at https://osfa.illinois.edu/types-of-
aid/grants/federal-supplemental-educational-opportunity-grant-fseog/.
3
Although your office does not enforce Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, that statute
makes it unlawful to discriminate based on race or color in a place of “public accommodation”
such as UIUC 42 U.S.C. § 2000(a)(a).
These scholarships also violate the Illinois Human Rights Act, which prohibits the “denial or
refusal of full and equal enjoyment of facilities, goods, or services” in any “secondary,
undergraduate, or postgraduate school, or other place of education.” 775 ILCS 5/5-101 ff.
Finally, these scholarships defy UIUC’s own non-discrimination policy, which states, “The
University of Illinois System will not engage in discrimination or harassment against any person
because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, marital status, order of
protection status, genetic information, disability, pregnancy, sexual orientation including gender
identity, unfavorable discharge from the military or status as a protected veteran and will comply
with all federal and state nondiscrimination, equal opportunity and affirmative action laws,
orders and regulations. This nondiscrimination policy applies to admissions, employment, access
to and treatment in the programs and activities of the University of Illinois System.” See,
https://www.bot.uillinois.edu/governance/nondiscrimination; archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816013857/https://www.bot.uillinois.edu/governance/nondiscr
imination.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign)
August 19, 2024
Page 4 of 16
conscious program must be based on “individualized consideration,” and race must be used in a
“nonmechanical way.” Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306, 334 (2003).
For these reasons, UIUC’s racial requirements for the scholarships set out below violate
federal and state civil rights statutes and constitutional equal protection guarantees.
Here, the sex-based eligibility criteria for participation in the discriminatory scholarships
listed below are, by their terms, plain: If applicants do not meet the blunt sex requirements
described in their respective eligibility criteria, they are not eligible for these scholarships. UIUC’s
sex discrimination concerning these programs is unlawful.
Here, the sex-based eligibility criterion is, by its terms, applied mechanically, and without
any statistical justification warranted by any alleged past discrimination by UIUC. Because
UIUC’s gender requirements for these scholarships are presumptively invalid, and because there
4
OCR “Questions and Answers Regarding OCR’s Interpretation of Title IX and Single Sex
Scholarships, Clubs, and other Programs,” January 14, 2021, at 4 (found at https://www2.ed.gov
/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-single-sex-20210114.pdf) (emphasis in original).
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign)
August 19, 2024
Page 5 of 16
is no legal justification for such invidious discrimination, UIUC’s use of such criteria violates
federal civil rights statutes.
We list below each of the 42 discriminatory scholarships, with links to information about
the scholarships on UIUC’s own website, and specification of the awarding department and a
description of the scholarship where available.
5
See, https://ahs.illinois.edu/kinesiology/awards-and-scholarships; archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816181742/https://ahs.illinois.edu/kinesiology/awards-and-
scholarships.
6
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=322; archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816154054/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=322
7
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=58, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816153745/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=58.
8
See; https://ise.illinois.edu/undergraduate/resources/scholarships/mary-chow-scholarship,
archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182032/https://ise.illinois.edu/undergraduate/resources/sch
olarships/mary-chow-scholarship.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 6 of 16
9
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=979, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182226/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=979.
10
Id.
11
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=980, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182253/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=980.
12
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=692, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182327/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=692.
13
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1425, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182426/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1425.
14
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=603, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182439/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=603.
15
Id.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 7 of 16
16
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=463, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182801/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=463.
17
Id.
18
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=126, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182832/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=126.
19
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1509, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816182942/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1509.
20
Id.
21
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=450, archived at
https://archive.ph/fsXYz.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 8 of 16
“This scholarship is used to recognize and reward outstanding sophomores in the Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department who have been active in outside activities.” 22
Eligibility: Preference for females 23
22
See, https://ece.illinois.edu/academics/ugrad/scholarships-and-awards/scholarships/oakley,
archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816183535/https://ece.illinois.edu/academics/ugrad/scholarshi
ps-and-awards/scholarships/oakley.
23
See, id,; https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=384, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816183825/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=384.
24
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1186, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816183848/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1186.
25
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1205, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184019/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1205.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 9 of 16
II. Race, Color, and National Origin Discrimination - Title VI Violations (19)
26
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1452, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184152/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1452.
27
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=6149, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184127/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=6149.
28
“Underrepresented includes Black, Hispanic, and American Indian, Native Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander, and multi-racial students.” University of Illinois | University Office for Planning
and Budgeting website, “Board Trustees Performance Metrics – Student Recruitment and
Enrollment; Percent of All Students from Underrepresented Groups.” Found at
https://www.pb.uillinois.edu/reports-public/bot-performance-metrics/student-recruit-
enroll.cfm?midbuttonID=midbutton2&metricbuttonID=metricbutton1&submetricbuttonID=sub
metricbutton2. See also, Students for Fair Admissions, supra, 600 U.S. at 223 (rejecting
“underrepresentation” rationale for discrimination because “outright racial balancing is patently
unconstitutional”).
29
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=884, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184520/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=884.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 10 of 16
30
“Minority” is a term with a well-understood meaning in civil rights law. See, e.g., 20
U.S.C.A. § 1067k (“The term ‘minority’ means American Indian, Alaskan Native, Black (not of
Hispanic origin), Hispanic (including persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Central or
South American origin), Pacific Islander or other ethnic group underrepresented in science and
engineering”).
31
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=2, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184204/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=2.
32
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=443, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184403/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=443.
33
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=10501, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184546/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=10501.
34
“Diversity” is a term that is universally used to describe a result to be achieved by race-based
and other forms of unlawful discrimination. See, Students for Fair Admissions, 600 U.S. at 143.
35
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=89, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184836/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=89.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 11 of 16
“The Dr. Kazys Grinius Endowment Scholarship was recently established to help fund the
education of University of Illinois students ‘of Lithuanian descent as well as to students
who have demonstrated interest in Lithuanian history, culture, and/or language.’ We will
award two $1200 scholarships for the 2013-2014 academic year.” 36,37
36
See, https://publish.illinois.edu/educationadvising/2013/11/08/dr-kazys-grinius-endowment-
scholarship/, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184856/https://publish.illinois.edu/educationadvising/2013
/11/08/dr-kazys-grinius-endowment-scholarship/ .
37
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1332, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816185105/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1332.
38
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1518, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816185112/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1518.
39
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=6023.
40
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=95, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816184927/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=95.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 12 of 16
“The Firdawsi Science scholarship is awarded to Iranian students at the graduate level
not currently residing as or intending to become permanent residents of the US. Candidates
are nominated by the Deans of LAS, Agriculture, and Engineering at UIUC and UIC and
chosen by a committee. The award is to be a supplement to an existing fellowship or TA or
other position where the recipient already receives a tuition waiver.” 41
41
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1322, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816185526/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1322.
42
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=862, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816185715/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=862 .
43
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=762, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816185843/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://secure.os
fa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=762.
44
See, id,; https://www.ushli.org/dr-juan-andrade-scholarship-for-young-hispanic-leaders/,
archived at https://web.archive.org/web/20240816185859/https://www.ushli.org/dr-juan-
andrade-scholarship-for-young-hispanic-leaders/ .
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 13 of 16
45
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=837, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816190111/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=837 .
46
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=452, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816190129/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=452.
47
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=6000, archived at
https://archive.ph/ccu8R.
48
See, https://www.fastweb.com/college-scholarships/scholarships/77806-wensel-morava-
scholarship; https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1443, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816190432/https://www.fastweb.com/college-
scholarships/scholarships/77806-wensel-morava-scholarship.
49
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1517, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816190413/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1517.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 14 of 16
50
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1231, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816190540/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1231.
51
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=12313, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816190552/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=12313 .
52
See, https://cee.dev.engr.illinois.edu/academics/awardlists/doris-i-and-james-l-willmer-
endowed-scholarship, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816190824/https://cee.dev.engr.illinois.edu/academics/awardli
sts/doris-i-and-james-l-willmer-endowed-scholarship.
53
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=508, archived at
https://archive.ph/2024.08.18-201020/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=508.
54
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=147, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816190830/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=147.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-
Champaign) August 19, 2024
Page 15 of 16
OCR has jurisdiction over this complaint. OCR enforces Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of
1964 and its implementing regulation, 58 which prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color,
57
or national origin in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance. As a recipient
of federal financial assistance from the Department of Education, UIUC is also subject to Title VI.
Discrimination based on sex in “education program[s] or activit[ies]” that receive federal financial
assistance transgresses Title IX. See 20 U.S.C. §1681(a). “Title IX reaches institutions and
programs that receive federal funds,” 20 U.S.C. § 1681(a), including nonpublic institutions.
Fitzgerald v. Barnstable Sch. Comm., 555 U.S. 246, 257 (2009). UIUC receives federal funding
and administers funds from federal Pell grants, CARES Act funding, and other federal grants and
contracts, as set out above and in Footnote 2. Accordingly, UIUC is subject to Titles VI and IX.
55
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=1520, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816191033/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=1520.
56
See, https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-database/detail.aspx?id=855, archived at
https://web.archive.org/web/20240816191058/https://secure.osfa.illinois.edu/scholarship-
database/detail.aspx?id=855.
57
42 U.S.C. §§ 2000d-2000d-7.
58
34 C.F.R. Part 100.
U.S. Dept. of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Civil Rights Complaint –University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign)
August 19, 2024
Page 16 of 16
In Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co., Justice Scalia aptly noted that “discrimination on the basis
of race is illegal, immoral, unconstitutional, inherently wrong and destructive of a democratic
society.” 488 U.S. at 505. This is true regardless of which race suffers discrimination. Racial
preferences “fly in the face of our colorblind Constitution and our Nation’s equality ideal” and
“are plainly—and boldly—unconstitutional.” Students for Fair Admissions, 600 U.S. at 287
(Thomas, J., concurring). The same reasoning applies to sex-based discrimination.
“The way to stop discrimination,” the Supreme Court has taught, “is to stop
discriminating.” Parents Involved in Cmty. Sch., 551 U.S. at 748. The Office for Civil Rights has
the power and obligation to investigate UIUC’s role in creating, supporting and promoting the
discriminatory scholarships above and to impose whatever remedial relief is necessary to hold it
accountable for that unlawful conduct. This includes, if necessary, imposing fines, initiating
administrative proceedings to suspend or terminate federal financial assistance and referring the
case to the Department of Justice for judicial proceedings to enforce the rights of the United States
under federal law.
As set forth above, the number and scope of discriminatory scholarships is extensive,
reflecting a systemic disregard for the civil rights laws. In light of this systemic problem, we ask
that OCR promptly open a formal investigation not only as to these scholarships, but also as the
UIUC system.
We further request that OCR impose such remedial relief as the law permits for the benefit
of anyone who may have been illegally excluded from UIUC’s scholarship offerings based on
discriminatory criteria, and ensure that all ongoing and future programming through UIUC
comports with the Constitution and federal civil rights laws.
Ronald D. Coleman
Director of Litigation
The Equal Protection Project
ron.coleman@legalinsurrection.com
William A. Jacobson
President
Legal Insurrection Foundation
contact@legalinsurrection.com