Cross-Tabs: February 2024 Times/Siena Poll of Registered Voters Nationwide

March 2, 2024

Donald Trump leads Joe Biden, 48 percent to 43 percent, among registered voters.

Toplines | Registered Voter Cross-Tabs | Likely Electorate Cross-Tabs

Do you think the United States is on the right track, or is it headed in the wrong direction?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Right track	24%	28%	19%	23%	20%	22%	30%	22%	28%	29%	24%	27%	22%	27%	19%	29%	26%	18%	24%	24%	28%	31%	25%	17%	44%	7%	15%	47%	10%	19%	41%	4%	21%
Wrong direction	65%	62%	68%	66%	66%	68%	58%	69%	57%	57%	60%	62%	67%	65%	71%	54%	60%	70%	61%	67%	61%	54%	64%	74%	42%	86%	67%	42%	85%	65%	47%	92%	58%
[VOLUNTEERED] Don't know/Refused	11%	10%	12%	10%	14%	10%	11%	10%	14%	14%	16%	11%	12%	8%	11%	17%	14%	12%	15%	9%	11%	14%	11%	9%	14%	7%	18%	11%	5%	16%	11%	4%	21%
Number of respondents	980	492	478	159	251	328	189	607	119	154	81	451	523	296	310	146	205	212	218	344	206	241	401	338	412	475	93	281	278	312	409	317	171
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	32%	24%	63%	11%	15%	9%	38%	61%	25%	38%	12%	23%	22%	20%	35%	23%	24%	41%	35%	43%	48%	10%	28%	30%	32%	42%	33%	17%

Thinking ahead to the presidential general election, are you almost certain that you will vote, very likely to vote, somewhat likely to vote, not very likely to vote or not at all likely to vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Almost certain	51%	54%	47%	33%	47%	54%	65%	58%	40%	30%	44%	57%	47%	60%	56%	49%	31%	63%	55%	46%	42%	46%	50%	55%	55%	51%	25%	54%	56%	50%	57%	61%	19%
Very likely	32%	30%	34%	41%	34%	32%	24%	30%	35%	40%	32%	31%	32%	30%	30%	37%	36%	25%	27%	35%	39%	33%	34%	28%	30%	34%	31%	33%	34%	29%	31%	33%	33%
Somewhat likely	7%	6%	9%	17%	6%	6%	5%	5%	13%	11%	9%	4%	10%	3%	7%	6%	14%	5%	5%	9%	9%	8%	6%	9%	7%	6%	17%	8%	5%	9%	5%	4%	18%
Not very likely	3%	4%	2%	2%	7%	2%	1%	3%	5%	5%	0%	3%	3%	3%	2%	4%	4%	3%	5%	3%	2%	3%	3%	2%	2%	3%	6%	1%	<.5%	6%	3%	<.5%	9%
Not at all likely	5%	4%	6%	6%	7%	4%	2%	3%	4%	11%	11%	3%	6%	2%	4%	4%	11%	4%	7%	5%	6%	8%	5%	4%	3%	5%	16%	2%	3%	6%	3%	<1%	20%
[VOL] Already voted	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	3%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	3%	2%	1%	3%	2%	3%	1%	2%	1%	<1%	1%	4%	0%	2%	2%	3%	2%	1%	2%	2%	1%	4%	1%	1%	1%	2%	1%	1%
Number of respondents	980	492	478	159	251	328	189	607	119	154	81	451	523	296	310	146	205	212	218	344	206	241	401	338	412	475	93	281	278	312	409	317	171
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	32%	24%	63%	11%	15%	9%	38%	61%	25%	38%	12%	23%	22%	20%	35%	23%	24%	41%	35%	43%	48%	10%	28%	30%	32%	42%	33%	17%

(Includes leaners) If the 2024 presidential election were held today, who would you vote for if the candidates were:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, the Democrat	43%	40%	46%	53%	41%	36%	49%	40%	66%	40%	43%	54%	36%	55%	29%	52%	47%	39%	43%	40%	49%	56%	46%	29%	100%	0%	0%	90%	6%	42%	83%	<.5%	33%
Donald Trump, the Republican	48%	49%	46%	41%	48%	54%	43%	53%	23%	46%	45%	38%	54%	40%	62%	33%	41%	55%	42%	50%	42%	34%	44%	62%	0%	100%	0%	8%	91%	42%	10%	97%	49%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	10%	11%	8%	6%	11%	10%	8%	8%	11%	14%	12%	8%	11%	5%	10%	15%	11%	6%	16%	9%	8%	10%	10%	9%	0%	0%	100%	3%	3%	16%	6%	3%	18%
Number of respondents	980	492	478	159	251	328	189	607	119	154	81	451	523	296	310	146	205	212	218	344	206	241	401	338	412	475	93	281	278	312	409	317	171
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	32%	24%	63%	11%	15%	9%	38%	61%	25%	38%	12%	23%	22%	20%	35%	23%	24%	41%	35%	43%	48%	10%	28%	30%	32%	42%	33%	17%

And who would you vote for if the candidates were:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, the Democrat	35%	33%	38%	42%	35%	28%	41%	32%	55%	31%	41%	47%	28%	47%	23%	47%	38%	30%	40%	32%	41%	49%	38%	23%	79%	3%	3%	80%	2%	34%	69%	1%	24%
Nikki Haley, the Republican	45%	46%	45%	36%	42%	56%	44%	52%	28%	43%	29%	39%	49%	44%	57%	31%	38%	48%	41%	49%	40%	33%	42%	58%	15%	74%	39%	14%	79%	44%	21%	74%	51%
[VOL] Another candidate	4%	5%	3%	7%	4%	4%	2%	3%	2%	9%	10%	4%	4%	2%	3%	6%	7%	4%	4%	3%	5%	3%	5%	3%	<1%	6%	7%	<1%	6%	5%	1%	8%	5%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	9%	9%	9%	8%	11%	8%	8%	9%	5%	9%	13%	6%	10%	4%	12%	10%	7%	11%	9%	9%	7%	6%	9%	10%	<1%	14%	22%	<1%	11%	9%	4%	14%	8%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	6%	7%	6%	6%	8%	4%	5%	5%	10%	8%	6%	4%	8%	3%	6%	6%	10%	7%	5%	7%	6%	9%	6%	5%	5%	3%	28%	3%	3%	8%	5%	2%	12%
Number of respondents	980	492	478	159	251	328	189	607	119	154	81	451	523	296	310	146	205	212	218	344	206	241	401	338	412	475	93	281	278	312	409	317	171
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	32%	24%	63%	11%	15%	9%	38%	61%	25%	38%	12%	23%	22%	20%	35%	23%	24%	41%	35%	43%	48%	10%	28%	30%	32%	42%	33%	17%

And who would you vote for if the candidates were:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Kamala [COMMA-luh] Harris, the Democrat	41%	37%	45%	49%	41%	36%	47%	38%	72%	33%	43%	52%	35%	52%	29%	53%	46%	36%	42%	39%	48%	53%	46%	27%	91%	3%	14%	89%	6%	40%	81%	<1%	32%
Donald Trump, the Republican	47%	49%	46%	42%	48%	54%	43%	53%	21%	47%	42%	37%	54%	39%	62%	33%	40%	56%	43%	49%	41%	35%	42%	62%	3%	95%	7%	7%	90%	43%	11%	95%	48%
[VOL] Another candidate	1%	1%	1%	1%	2%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	2%	4%	2%	<1%	2%	<.5%	3%	1%	2%	1%	1%	<1%	1%	<1%	2%	<1%	<1%	6%	<1%	<.5%	2%	<1%	<1%	2%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	5%	6%	4%	5%	5%	4%	4%	5%	1%	7%	5%	5%	5%	5%	4%	5%	5%	3%	9%	4%	5%	4%	6%	4%	2%	<.5%	41%	1%	1%	9%	4%	2%	10%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	5%	6%	4%	3%	4%	6%	5%	4%	6%	11%	6%	4%	6%	3%	4%	7%	8%	4%	5%	6%	5%	6%	5%	5%	3%	1%	32%	3%	2%	6%	3%	1%	9%
Number of respondents	980	492	478	159	251	328	189	607	119	154	81	451	523	296	310	146	205	212	218	344	206	241	401	338	412	475	93	281	278	312	409	317	171
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	32%	24%	63%	11%	15%	9%	38%	61%	25%	38%	12%	23%	22%	20%	35%	23%	24%	41%	35%	43%	48%	10%	28%	30%	32%	42%	33%	17%

(Recoded to age) In what year were you born?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
18-29	16%	16%	16%	100%	0%	0%	0%	12%	22%	29%	19%	14%	17%	10%	13%	25%	24%	9%	18%	18%	17%	17%	18%	13%	20%	14%	10%	18%	12%	17%	15%	10%	31%
30-44	23%	25%	22%	0%	100%	0%	0%	22%	28%	25%	25%	29%	19%	29%	17%	32%	23%	30%	22%	21%	22%	28%	23%	20%	22%	23%	26%	24%	19%	24%	23%	19%	32%
45-64	32%	32%	31%	0%	0%	100%	0%	33%	27%	31%	32%	31%	32%	33%	33%	28%	32%	29%	34%	32%	31%	29%	32%	32%	26%	36%	32%	33%	37%	28%	31%	40%	22%
65+	24%	22%	25%	0%	0%	0%	100%	29%	20%	7%	12%	21%	25%	24%	33%	10%	13%	28%	20%	24%	23%	17%	22%	30%	27%	21%	19%	23%	26%	25%	28%	25%	12%
Refused	6%	5%	7%	0%	0%	0%	0%	5%	3%	8%	13%	4%	6%	4%	5%	5%	8%	4%	6%	5%	7%	9%	4%	5%	4%	5%	13%	3%	7%	5%	4%	6%	3%
Number of respondents	980	492	478	159	251	328	189	607	119	154	81	451	523	296	310	146	205	212	218	344	206	241	401	338	412	475	93	281	278	312	409	317	171
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	32%	24%	63%	11%	15%	9%	38%	61%	25%	38%	12%	23%	22%	20%	35%	23%	24%	41%	35%	43%	48%	10%	28%	30%	32%	42%	33%	17%

What is the highest educational level that you have completed?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Grade school	2%	4%	1%	<1%	<1%	3%	3%	2%	2%	4%	5%	0%	4%	0%	3%	0%	6%	2%	3%	2%	3%	2%	2%	3%	<.5%	4%	4%	1%	4%	1%	<1%	3%	6%
High school	28%	26%	31%	38%	18%	29%	33%	28%	31%	36%	20%	0%	47%	0%	47%	0%	47%	34%	27%	30%	22%	28%	25%	33%	26%	30%	30%	25%	32%	26%	22%	30%	35%
Vocational or trade school	4%	5%	3%	2%	6%	3%	6%	4%	8%	3%	<1%	0%	7%	0%	7%	0%	6%	7%	2%	4%	3%	4%	2%	7%	3%	5%	4%	4%	5%	4%	3%	5%	6%
Some college, no degree	16%	16%	16%	16%	15%	17%	17%	15%	21%	17%	18%	0%	27%	0%	25%	0%	29%	16%	16%	17%	16%	17%	15%	18%	14%	17%	23%	15%	16%	18%	15%	17%	19%
Associate’s degree	10%	8%	11%	9%	11%	11%	7%	11%	9%	10%	4%	0%	16%	0%	18%	0%	13%	10%	7%	12%	9%	6%	11%	11%	8%	12%	6%	10%	10%	9%	8%	13%	6%
Bachelor's degree	23%	26%	21%	27%	31%	23%	16%	25%	18%	18%	25%	61%	0%	63%	0%	57%	0%	21%	27%	20%	26%	26%	28%	16%	28%	20%	18%	25%	23%	25%	28%	22%	19%
Graduate or professional degree	15%	15%	15%	8%	18%	15%	18%	15%	13%	11%	25%	39%	0%	37%	0%	43%	0%	9%	17%	14%	20%	18%	16%	12%	21%	10%	14%	20%	10%	16%	23%	11%	8%
[VOL] Refused	<1%	<.5%	1%	0%	<.5%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	1%	3%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	1%	0%	1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	2%
Number of respondents	980	492	478	159	251	328	189	607	119	154	81	451	523	296	310	146	205	212	218	344	206	241	401	338	412	475	93	281	278	312	409	317	171
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	32%	24%	63%	11%	15%	9%	38%	61%	25%	38%	12%	23%	22%	20%	35%	23%	24%	41%	35%	43%	48%	10%	28%	30%	32%	42%	33%	17%

Are you of Hispanic origin or descent, such as Mexican, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Cuban or some other Spanish background?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	14%	14%	15%	30%	15%	13%	5%	0%	0%	100%	0%	11%	16%	0%	0%	35%	50%	4%	10%	18%	22%	21%	17%	7%	14%	14%	19%	14%	12%	13%	14%	9%	26%
No	85%	85%	84%	70%	85%	86%	94%	99%	100%	0%	100%	88%	83%	99%	100%	65%	50%	95%	89%	81%	76%	78%	82%	92%	86%	84%	80%	86%	86%	87%	86%	89%	74%
[VOL] Refused	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	1%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	2%	2%	<.5%	<1%	0%	2%	<1%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	2%	0%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Would you consider yourself:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
White	73%	73%	72%	60%	68%	74%	85%	99%	0%	53%	0%	71%	74%	98%	99%	21%	25%	84%	75%	66%	69%	60%	71%	82%	68%	79%	58%	62%	88%	70%	66%	88%	61%
Black or African American	12%	10%	13%	17%	14%	10%	9%	0%	100%	4%	0%	11%	12%	0%	0%	33%	38%	5%	15%	18%	5%	19%	10%	9%	17%	6%	14%	24%	2%	10%	17%	2%	16%
Asian or Asian American	3%	5%	2%	6%	4%	4%	1%	0%	0%	1%	48%	6%	2%	0%	0%	18%	6%	3%	2%	2%	9%	5%	5%	<.5%	4%	3%	3%	4%	4%	3%	5%	2%	3%
Native American	2%	3%	2%	3%	3%	3%	<1%	0%	0%	9%	16%	2%	3%	0%	0%	6%	8%	1%	1%	3%	4%	2%	2%	4%	1%	3%	5%	1%	2%	4%	<1%	3%	5%
[VOL] Some other race (specify)	5%	4%	5%	8%	4%	6%	<.5%	1%	0%	20%	17%	5%	5%	2%	<1%	12%	13%	4%	3%	5%	7%	8%	5%	2%	4%	4%	12%	4%	3%	6%	6%	3%	5%
[VOL] More than one race	2%	2%	3%	4%	3%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	6%	18%	2%	2%	0%	0%	8%	6%	1%	2%	3%	3%	3%	3%	<1%	3%	1%	<1%	3%	<1%	3%	3%	<1%	4%
[VOL] Refused	3%	3%	2%	2%	3%	2%	4%	0%	0%	7%	0%	3%	2%	0%	0%	2%	3%	1%	2%	3%	5%	4%	3%	2%	2%	3%	8%	2%	1%	4%	2%	2%	5%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Do you consider yourself a Democrat, a Republican, an independent or a member of another party?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Democrat	29%	25%	34%	35%	29%	29%	28%	25%	61%	29%	30%	36%	25%	35%	19%	41%	40%	20%	34%	26%	38%	41%	30%	21%	61%	6%	5%	100%	0%	0%	59%	2%	16%
Republican	30%	30%	30%	17%	24%	36%	33%	36%	5%	25%	22%	23%	34%	27%	42%	14%	19%	31%	23%	33%	29%	22%	26%	38%	3%	56%	14%	0%	100%	0%	6%	65%	27%
Independent	34%	38%	30%	38%	35%	30%	35%	33%	30%	30%	45%	35%	32%	33%	34%	39%	29%	39%	36%	32%	30%	30%	36%	33%	32%	30%	56%	0%	0%	100%	33%	28%	40%
Another party	3%	3%	2%	4%	7%	1%	<.5%	2%	3%	6%	3%	4%	2%	3%	1%	5%	4%	4%	2%	3%	1%	2%	3%	3%	1%	4%	6%	0%	0%	0%	1%	3%	6%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	5%	5%	5%	6%	5%	3%	5%	4%	1%	11%	0%	2%	6%	2%	5%	2%	7%	5%	5%	6%	2%	5%	5%	4%	2%	4%	19%	0%	0%	0%	1%	2%	11%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Who did you vote for in the 2020 presidential election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, or did you not vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump	34%	36%	32%	17%	27%	45%	36%	43%	4%	20%	24%	27%	38%	32%	49%	16%	15%	39%	29%	35%	30%	22%	27%	48%	<.5%	68%	9%	2%	74%	28%	0%	100%	0%
Joe Biden	44%	41%	46%	44%	42%	39%	51%	40%	67%	41%	51%	58%	35%	57%	30%	60%	48%	38%	48%	40%	51%	54%	49%	31%	85%	10%	28%	87%	8%	43%	100%	0%	0%
I did not vote	18%	17%	18%	36%	23%	11%	10%	13%	24%	32%	18%	12%	21%	8%	16%	20%	29%	17%	20%	19%	15%	19%	20%	14%	14%	18%	32%	10%	16%	21%	0%	0%	100%
[VOL] Someone else	2%	3%	1%	1%	3%	2%	<.5%	2%	<1%	2%	4%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	4%	<1%	<1%	2%	<.5%	2%	3%	<1%	1%	10%	<1%	<.5%	4%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	3%	3%	2%	4%	3%	3%	2%	5%	5%	2%	2%	4%	<1%	3%	2%	6%	2%	3%	6%	1%	5%	3%	3%	0%	3%	21%	0%	2%	4%	0%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

(Excluding “I did not vote”) Who did you vote for in the 2020 presidential election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, or did you not vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump	41%	43%	39%	26%	35%	50%	40%	49%	6%	30%	30%	30%	48%	35%	58%	20%	22%	47%	36%	43%	36%	27%	34%	56%	<1%	83%	14%	3%	88%	35%	0%	100%	-
Joe Biden	53%	50%	56%	69%	55%	44%	56%	46%	87%	60%	63%	66%	45%	62%	36%	75%	67%	46%	59%	49%	60%	67%	61%	37%	99%	12%	41%	96%	10%	55%	100%	0%	-
[VOL] Someone else	2%	3%	1%	2%	4%	2%	<.5%	2%	<1%	3%	5%	2%	2%	2%	2%	3%	3%	5%	<1%	1%	3%	<.5%	2%	3%	<1%	2%	14%	<1%	<1%	5%	0%	0%	-
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	4%	4%	3%	5%	3%	4%	3%	6%	7%	2%	2%	5%	<1%	4%	2%	8%	2%	4%	7%	2%	6%	3%	4%	0%	3%	31%	0%	2%	5%	0%	0%	-
Number of respondents	685	349	328	85	162	252	153	467	67	86	49	343	340	239	227	96	106	146	144	234	161	152	289	244	304	331	50	219	203	221	360	281
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	12%	22%	34%	28%	69%	10%	12%	7%	40%	60%	27%	42%	12%	17%	22%	20%	35%	24%	21%	41%	37%	44%	48%	8%	32%	30%	32%	53%	41%

In the 2024 presidential primaries and caucuses did you or do you think you will vote in the Republican primary or the Democratic primary, or are you unlikely to vote in a presidential primary or caucus?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Democratic primary	28%	22%	33%	31%	23%	26%	33%	24%	54%	28%	28%	34%	24%	33%	18%	37%	37%	20%	28%	27%	36%	34%	32%	19%	59%	4%	7%	71%	2%	18%	54%	3%	16%
Republican primary	36%	37%	34%	24%	31%	42%	38%	42%	13%	25%	27%	31%	38%	36%	46%	21%	22%	37%	28%	41%	32%	22%	32%	48%	8%	64%	17%	5%	75%	29%	12%	72%	25%
Unlikely to vote in primary or caucus	28%	32%	24%	36%	36%	25%	20%	26%	22%	37%	36%	28%	28%	26%	27%	32%	30%	33%	35%	24%	25%	35%	28%	25%	28%	25%	47%	20%	17%	42%	27%	18%	51%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	9%	9%	8%	9%	9%	8%	9%	7%	11%	10%	9%	7%	10%	6%	9%	9%	11%	10%	9%	8%	6%	9%	8%	8%	6%	7%	29%	4%	6%	11%	6%	7%	7%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

(If Republican primary voter) If the election for the Republican nominee for president were held today, which candidate would you be MOST likely to vote for?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump	77%	77%	76%	76%	78%	77%	71%	76%	87%	80%	64%	62%	83%	56%	85%	82%	74%	85%	80%	74%	71%	76%	74%	79%	6%	88%	0%	72%	83%	65%	28%	89%	72%
Nikki Haley	20%	19%	22%	19%	18%	20%	27%	21%	8%	20%	31%	36%	13%	42%	11%	18%	22%	12%	18%	24%	24%	22%	23%	18%	89%	10%	76%	28%	16%	29%	64%	9%	26%
[VOL] Someone else (specify)	1%	<1%	1%	3%	0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	5%	1%	<1%	2%	<1%	0%	2%	0%	0%	<.5%	4%	2%	2%	0%	5%	<.5%	6%	0%	<.5%	3%	3%	<1%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	1%	2%	4%	2%	1%	2%	5%	0%	0%	0%	3%	0%	3%	0%	2%	3%	2%	2%	<1%	0%	<1%	3%	0%	1%	18%	0%	<1%	3%	5%	<.5%	3%
Number of respondents	292	155	134	30	59	115	71	220	15	32	17	120	170	91	128	26	38	62	44	119	67	47	108	137	28	250	14	13	181	79	44	198	36
Percent of total electorate	100%	51%	49%	11%	20%	37%	27%	78%	4%	10%	5%	33%	67%	25%	53%	7%	12%	22%	16%	41%	21%	14%	38%	48%	9%	86%	4%	4%	62%	27%	15%	69%	13%

(If Democratic primary voter) If the election for Democratic nominee for president were held today, which candidate would you be most likely to vote for?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden	77%	83%	73%	76%	69%	84%	76%	78%	77%	78%	76%	77%	78%	77%	79%	77%	77%	63%	80%	78%	83%	79%	77%	77%	83%	29%	19%	85%	0%	58%	83%	26%	52%
Marianne Williamson *	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
Dean Phillips	12%	10%	13%	21%	16%	8%	7%	12%	12%	12%	9%	14%	10%	19%	5%	6%	15%	16%	13%	11%	9%	16%	10%	10%	9%	38%	26%	8%	33%	24%	7%	24%	40%
[VOL] Someone else (specify)	1%	<1%	2%	2%	3%	1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	15%	2%	<1%	0%	0%	6%	1%	0%	2%	<1%	2%	1%	2%	0%	<.5%	6%	25%	1%	0%	1%	<1%	10%	3%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	10%	6%	12%	1%	12%	7%	17%	10%	9%	11%	0%	7%	12%	5%	16%	11%	7%	21%	5%	10%	6%	4%	11%	13%	8%	27%	30%	6%	67%	16%	9%	40%	6%
Number of respondents	224	88	133	41	50	73	52	128	44	33	17	126	98	81	47	44	50	36	56	67	65	63	108	53	201	17	6	170	3	46	190	9	23
Percent of total electorate	100%	39%	60%	18%	20%	29%	30%	56%	22%	15%	7%	46%	54%	29%	27%	16%	27%	15%	21%	34%	30%	26%	49%	24%	91%	7%	3%	75%	2%	22%	85%	4%	10%

(If Democratic primary voter) Regardless of who you prefer in the Democratic primary, do you think Joe Biden should be the Democratic Party’s nominee for president in 2024, or should there be a different Democratic nominee for president in 2024?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden should be the Democratic nominee	46%	50%	43%	32%	25%	63%	52%	47%	50%	44%	39%	42%	50%	45%	49%	38%	51%	35%	47%	44%	54%	37%	46%	57%	50%	7%	0%	52%	0%	33%	50%	7%	26%
Joe Biden should not be the Democratic nominee	45%	44%	46%	66%	72%	33%	27%	45%	35%	43%	61%	54%	37%	50%	40%	58%	33%	58%	51%	38%	41%	54%	46%	31%	40%	89%	81%	38%	33%	65%	39%	85%	74%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	9%	7%	11%	2%	3%	4%	20%	8%	14%	13%	0%	4%	13%	4%	11%	4%	16%	8%	1%	18%	6%	9%	8%	12%	9%	4%	19%	10%	67%	2%	10%	8%	0%
Number of respondents	224	88	133	41	50	73	52	128	44	33	17	126	98	81	47	44	50	36	56	67	65	63	108	53	201	17	6	170	3	46	190	9	23
Percent of total electorate	100%	39%	60%	18%	20%	29%	30%	56%	22%	15%	7%	46%	54%	29%	27%	16%	27%	15%	21%	34%	30%	26%	49%	24%	91%	7%	3%	75%	2%	22%	85%	4%	10%

(If Democratic primary voter) What comes closer to how you would feel if Joe Biden were the Democratic nominee for president?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Enthusiastic	23%	20%	25%	6%	5%	36%	32%	23%	27%	18%	16%	18%	27%	21%	26%	13%	28%	16%	14%	27%	28%	19%	20%	32%	24%	7%	0%	28%	0%	8%	25%	0%	14%
Satisfied, but not enthusiastic	43%	45%	42%	52%	43%	37%	41%	43%	33%	54%	41%	46%	40%	44%	41%	47%	38%	44%	44%	35%	50%	44%	43%	41%	46%	14%	0%	43%	17%	43%	44%	35%	31%
Dissatisfied, but not upset	26%	27%	25%	31%	42%	23%	18%	29%	28%	17%	24%	29%	24%	30%	28%	29%	21%	26%	38%	34%	10%	31%	28%	17%	25%	47%	26%	23%	83%	32%	25%	24%	40%
Angry	6%	7%	6%	11%	10%	4%	4%	5%	5%	8%	19%	7%	6%	5%	5%	12%	6%	15%	5%	<1%	10%	3%	9%	4%	3%	33%	56%	4%	0%	14%	4%	41%	15%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	1%	2%	0%	0%	0%	5%	0%	7%	3%	0%	0%	4%	0%	0%	0%	7%	0%	0%	4%	2%	2%	0%	6%	2%	0%	19%	2%	0%	2%	2%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	224	88	133	41	50	73	52	128	44	33	17	126	98	81	47	44	50	36	56	67	65	63	108	53	201	17	6	170	3	46	190	9	23
Percent of total electorate	100%	39%	60%	18%	20%	29%	30%	56%	22%	15%	7%	46%	54%	29%	27%	16%	27%	15%	21%	34%	30%	26%	49%	24%	91%	7%	3%	75%	2%	22%	85%	4%	10%

(If Republican primary voter) What comes closer to how you would feel if Donald Trump were the Republican nominee for president?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Enthusiastic	48%	51%	45%	35%	46%	55%	46%	49%	39%	52%	39%	41%	52%	36%	55%	58%	38%	48%	44%	53%	43%	54%	41%	52%	0%	56%	3%	30%	54%	40%	8%	61%	37%
Satisfied, but not enthusiastic	32%	28%	35%	44%	32%	32%	29%	30%	37%	36%	35%	25%	35%	23%	34%	31%	39%	37%	38%	24%	35%	31%	35%	30%	0%	36%	5%	19%	33%	33%	18%	33%	37%
Dissatisfied, but not upset	9%	8%	11%	19%	11%	5%	8%	8%	20%	11%	18%	12%	8%	14%	6%	6%	20%	7%	10%	13%	5%	6%	7%	12%	30%	6%	23%	23%	6%	11%	24%	4%	22%
Angry	9%	9%	8%	0%	11%	8%	12%	10%	5%	0%	8%	22%	2%	27%	2%	5%	2%	8%	8%	6%	14%	10%	14%	4%	70%	<1%	33%	28%	5%	15%	41%	1%	4%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	4%	<1%	2%	0%	0%	5%	3%	0%	0%	0%	0%	3%	0%	4%	0%	0%	0%	0%	4%	2%	0%	3%	2%	0%	<1%	36%	0%	3%	1%	9%	<1%	0%
Number of respondents	292	155	134	30	59	115	71	220	15	32	17	120	170	91	128	26	38	62	44	119	67	47	108	137	28	250	14	13	181	79	44	198	36
Percent of total electorate	100%	51%	49%	11%	20%	37%	27%	78%	4%	10%	5%	33%	67%	25%	53%	7%	12%	22%	16%	41%	21%	14%	38%	48%	9%	86%	4%	4%	62%	27%	15%	69%	13%

Regardless of who you support, who do you think will win the 2024 presidential election?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden	39%	42%	35%	47%	36%	36%	40%	38%	41%	39%	34%	51%	31%	57%	27%	39%	38%	32%	42%	34%	48%	42%	44%	30%	74%	11%	19%	69%	13%	40%	64%	13%	29%
Donald Trump	48%	47%	48%	44%	48%	55%	41%	49%	38%	52%	47%	36%	55%	33%	59%	43%	49%	51%	45%	52%	41%	45%	44%	55%	14%	81%	36%	19%	77%	46%	23%	77%	57%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	14%	10%	16%	9%	15%	9%	19%	13%	21%	9%	19%	13%	14%	10%	14%	19%	13%	17%	12%	14%	11%	13%	12%	15%	12%	8%	45%	12%	11%	14%	13%	10%	14%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Strongly approve	17%	18%	17%	8%	7%	20%	29%	18%	22%	13%	12%	21%	15%	23%	15%	17%	16%	15%	20%	13%	22%	18%	19%	14%	39%	1%	0%	39%	2%	14%	35%	<1%	10%
Somewhat approve	19%	18%	20%	21%	28%	10%	21%	17%	29%	18%	19%	25%	15%	24%	13%	26%	18%	17%	18%	21%	18%	25%	21%	13%	36%	3%	21%	34%	9%	17%	33%	2%	20%
Somewhat disapprove	14%	15%	14%	24%	19%	11%	6%	11%	18%	20%	29%	11%	16%	11%	11%	12%	27%	14%	17%	12%	14%	21%	13%	11%	16%	11%	21%	13%	8%	21%	16%	6%	23%
Strongly disapprove	47%	47%	46%	43%	42%	56%	44%	51%	27%	47%	37%	39%	51%	39%	58%	39%	38%	49%	40%	50%	45%	35%	43%	58%	7%	83%	44%	12%	79%	44%	15%	90%	40%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	2%	4%	5%	4%	2%	<1%	3%	5%	2%	3%	4%	3%	3%	4%	6%	1%	6%	4%	3%	0%	1%	4%	4%	3%	1%	14%	2%	2%	4%	2%	<1%	6%
NET Approve	36%	36%	36%	29%	35%	30%	50%	35%	51%	31%	31%	46%	30%	47%	27%	43%	34%	32%	39%	34%	40%	43%	40%	27%	74%	5%	21%	73%	10%	31%	67%	2%	30%
NET Disapprove	61%	62%	59%	67%	61%	67%	49%	62%	45%	67%	66%	51%	67%	50%	69%	51%	65%	62%	57%	63%	60%	56%	56%	69%	22%	94%	65%	25%	88%	65%	31%	97%	64%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable opinion of Donald Trump.
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	22%	23%	22%	10%	21%	26%	25%	26%	12%	15%	17%	13%	28%	14%	33%	12%	16%	21%	19%	26%	21%	18%	17%	31%	<1%	45%	6%	3%	51%	16%	2%	52%	17%
Somewhat favorable	21%	23%	19%	25%	27%	23%	11%	19%	14%	31%	27%	16%	25%	15%	22%	18%	28%	24%	19%	21%	21%	17%	20%	25%	4%	38%	13%	6%	32%	24%	7%	36%	29%
Somewhat unfavorable	11%	11%	12%	17%	13%	9%	10%	10%	17%	13%	16%	10%	12%	10%	10%	11%	16%	10%	11%	13%	10%	13%	12%	10%	9%	12%	21%	8%	7%	16%	8%	8%	21%
Very unfavorable	43%	41%	44%	47%	36%	41%	51%	44%	49%	38%	38%	59%	33%	61%	33%	55%	35%	42%	50%	35%	48%	48%	49%	32%	85%	5%	44%	80%	10%	43%	81%	4%	29%
[VOL] Have not heard of	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	2%	2%	3%	<1%	3%	1%	9%	4%	1%	2%	3%	<1%	1%	5%	5%	2%	1%	4%	<1%	3%	2%	3%	2%	<.5%	16%	3%	0%	2%	2%	<.5%	3%
NET Favorable	44%	46%	41%	35%	48%	49%	36%	45%	25%	46%	44%	29%	52%	28%	55%	29%	44%	45%	38%	47%	42%	36%	37%	56%	5%	83%	19%	9%	83%	40%	9%	88%	47%
NET Unfavorable	54%	52%	57%	64%	49%	50%	60%	53%	66%	51%	55%	69%	45%	71%	43%	66%	51%	52%	61%	48%	58%	61%	61%	41%	93%	16%	65%	88%	17%	59%	90%	12%	51%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable opinion of Joe Biden.
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	14%	13%	15%	2%	5%	18%	26%	14%	23%	11%	9%	16%	13%	18%	12%	12%	15%	14%	15%	12%	17%	14%	15%	13%	32%	1%	0%	36%	0%	10%	30%	<.5%	5%
Somewhat favorable	24%	25%	23%	29%	34%	17%	24%	22%	33%	20%	37%	34%	18%	33%	15%	35%	24%	23%	28%	21%	25%	34%	27%	14%	46%	6%	17%	41%	11%	23%	40%	2%	29%
Somewhat unfavorable	17%	17%	15%	35%	20%	14%	4%	13%	24%	28%	21%	13%	19%	11%	14%	19%	29%	14%	17%	18%	17%	20%	18%	13%	16%	14%	30%	14%	12%	22%	19%	9%	22%
Very unfavorable	42%	43%	42%	32%	37%	51%	41%	48%	15%	39%	31%	36%	46%	38%	54%	30%	29%	43%	38%	45%	41%	31%	37%	55%	5%	77%	33%	8%	76%	42%	9%	87%	38%
[VOL] Have not heard of	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	2%	4%	3%	4%	<.5%	5%	3%	6%	2%	1%	1%	4%	<.5%	5%	4%	3%	6%	2%	4%	<1%	<1%	3%	5%	2%	1%	20%	1%	1%	3%	1%	<1%	7%
NET Favorable	38%	38%	38%	30%	39%	35%	50%	36%	56%	31%	47%	50%	31%	51%	26%	47%	39%	37%	43%	33%	42%	48%	42%	27%	78%	7%	17%	77%	11%	33%	70%	3%	33%
NET Unfavorable	59%	60%	57%	67%	57%	65%	46%	61%	39%	67%	52%	49%	65%	49%	68%	49%	58%	57%	55%	62%	57%	51%	55%	68%	21%	92%	63%	21%	88%	64%	28%	96%	60%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable opinion of Kamala [COMMA-luh] Harris.
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	12%	10%	15%	3%	8%	16%	18%	12%	22%	7%	14%	12%	13%	11%	13%	14%	13%	12%	13%	10%	15%	13%	11%	13%	28%	<.5%	3%	32%	0%	8%	27%	0%	4%
Somewhat favorable	24%	24%	25%	36%	26%	19%	24%	20%	37%	29%	30%	33%	19%	32%	13%	35%	31%	20%	27%	22%	28%	34%	28%	14%	45%	7%	15%	48%	4%	23%	40%	3%	28%
Somewhat unfavorable	17%	20%	14%	32%	18%	15%	8%	16%	14%	20%	18%	17%	17%	18%	15%	14%	20%	19%	19%	16%	15%	15%	17%	18%	16%	16%	29%	9%	15%	23%	18%	10%	25%
Very unfavorable	38%	39%	35%	21%	37%	44%	40%	43%	16%	36%	27%	31%	41%	32%	49%	29%	25%	38%	32%	40%	38%	30%	33%	48%	4%	69%	29%	5%	72%	37%	8%	80%	30%
[VOL] Have not heard of	2%	1%	3%	2%	3%	1%	2%	2%	2%	4%	1%	<.5%	3%	<.5%	2%	<1%	4%	3%	<1%	3%	<.5%	2%	3%	<.5%	1%	3%	0%	3%	3%	<.5%	2%	<1%	4%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	7%	5%	9%	7%	7%	4%	9%	7%	8%	4%	10%	7%	7%	7%	8%	7%	6%	7%	9%	9%	3%	5%	7%	8%	5%	5%	24%	3%	6%	9%	5%	6%	9%
NET Favorable	36%	34%	39%	39%	34%	35%	41%	32%	59%	36%	44%	45%	32%	43%	26%	49%	44%	32%	39%	33%	43%	47%	39%	27%	73%	7%	17%	80%	4%	31%	67%	3%	32%
NET Unfavorable	55%	60%	49%	53%	55%	59%	48%	59%	31%	56%	45%	48%	58%	50%	64%	43%	45%	58%	51%	56%	53%	45%	50%	65%	20%	85%	59%	14%	87%	60%	27%	90%	55%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Thinking about the upcoming presidential election this November, what is ONE word that describes how you feel about it?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
[VOL] Happy/excited/hopeful	14%	12%	16%	8%	11%	17%	18%	13%	15%	15%	18%	11%	16%	8%	16%	14%	16%	14%	9%	16%	16%	6%	16%	17%	10%	20%	4%	13%	23%	8%	9%	23%	8%
[VOL] Angry/disappointed/resigned	32%	36%	29%	36%	31%	34%	30%	34%	29%	29%	37%	38%	30%	41%	29%	31%	31%	30%	41%	26%	36%	30%	35%	31%	34%	29%	44%	27%	24%	45%	35%	28%	35%
[VOL] Scared/apprehensive	30%	26%	34%	27%	28%	30%	33%	33%	20%	29%	18%	32%	28%	34%	33%	30%	20%	30%	32%	30%	27%	33%	27%	31%	34%	30%	12%	36%	31%	25%	32%	32%	22%
[VOL] Confused/unsure/uncertain	11%	11%	11%	14%	11%	8%	11%	11%	14%	10%	7%	8%	12%	9%	12%	7%	13%	12%	8%	13%	9%	10%	11%	11%	11%	10%	13%	9%	12%	12%	11%	8%	13%
[VOL] Neutral	5%	6%	5%	10%	11%	2%	1%	4%	10%	8%	4%	3%	7%	2%	5%	7%	9%	6%	4%	8%	3%	9%	5%	4%	7%	4%	8%	9%	3%	3%	6%	2%	12%
[VOL] Other (specify)	5%	6%	4%	2%	6%	6%	4%	4%	7%	4%	10%	6%	4%	5%	3%	8%	6%	5%	5%	4%	7%	8%	5%	4%	4%	4%	11%	5%	5%	5%	4%	5%	5%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	3%	2%	3%	1%	3%	2%	1%	6%	4%	6%	1%	3%	<1%	2%	3%	6%	4%	2%	3%	2%	5%	1%	2%	1%	3%	8%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	6%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Next, regardless of who you support for president, tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of the following statements.
Joe Biden is just too old to be an effective president.
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Strongly agree	47%	50%	44%	40%	46%	53%	45%	49%	33%	44%	50%	45%	48%	46%	52%	42%	40%	40%	48%	51%	46%	38%	44%	55%	21%	67%	67%	19%	64%	53%	26%	73%	47%
Somewhat agree	26%	25%	28%	41%	28%	17%	28%	25%	32%	29%	28%	28%	26%	28%	23%	27%	32%	32%	24%	26%	24%	38%	26%	20%	38%	17%	19%	37%	20%	23%	35%	14%	29%
Somewhat disagree	14%	11%	16%	7%	16%	17%	12%	14%	15%	14%	7%	13%	14%	13%	15%	14%	13%	15%	15%	10%	16%	9%	16%	13%	20%	10%	3%	24%	9%	11%	20%	7%	9%
Strongly disagree	11%	11%	11%	10%	6%	12%	13%	10%	19%	12%	11%	13%	10%	13%	7%	14%	15%	9%	12%	11%	12%	14%	11%	9%	20%	4%	4%	19%	5%	10%	18%	5%	8%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	2%	2%	2%	1%	3%	<1%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	4%	1%	2%	<.5%	3%	4%	<.5%	4%	<1%	2%	1%	<1%	2%	3%	1%	2%	6%	<.5%	2%	3%	<.5%	1%	7%
NET Agree	73%	75%	72%	82%	74%	70%	73%	74%	65%	73%	78%	73%	74%	74%	74%	69%	72%	72%	72%	77%	70%	76%	70%	75%	59%	83%	87%	56%	84%	76%	61%	87%	76%
NET Disagree	25%	23%	27%	17%	23%	29%	25%	24%	34%	26%	19%	26%	24%	26%	22%	27%	28%	24%	27%	21%	29%	23%	27%	23%	40%	15%	7%	43%	14%	21%	38%	12%	18%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Donald Trump is just too old to be an effective president.
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Strongly agree	21%	22%	21%	24%	19%	16%	28%	21%	30%	17%	17%	24%	20%	24%	20%	23%	21%	19%	22%	19%	27%	20%	24%	19%	35%	6%	35%	27%	7%	30%	34%	5%	23%
Somewhat agree	21%	21%	21%	37%	23%	17%	15%	17%	24%	29%	39%	25%	19%	25%	12%	26%	32%	21%	23%	19%	22%	28%	23%	15%	30%	12%	26%	32%	13%	18%	27%	9%	27%
Somewhat disagree	23%	25%	22%	22%	24%	29%	19%	25%	20%	25%	15%	24%	23%	25%	25%	24%	20%	28%	22%	23%	22%	22%	26%	21%	21%	26%	18%	25%	25%	21%	22%	25%	22%
Strongly disagree	32%	32%	33%	16%	32%	38%	35%	35%	24%	28%	27%	25%	36%	24%	41%	24%	27%	30%	31%	37%	28%	29%	26%	42%	11%	55%	12%	15%	55%	29%	14%	60%	26%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	2%	1%	2%	<.5%	2%	<1%	3%	2%	2%	1%	1%	2%	2%	1%	3%	3%	<.5%	3%	1%	2%	1%	<1%	2%	3%	2%	<1%	9%	1%	<.5%	2%	2%	<1%	3%
NET Agree	42%	42%	42%	61%	42%	32%	43%	38%	54%	46%	57%	49%	39%	50%	31%	48%	53%	40%	45%	38%	49%	49%	46%	34%	66%	18%	61%	59%	19%	48%	62%	15%	49%
NET Disagree	56%	56%	55%	38%	56%	67%	54%	60%	44%	53%	42%	49%	60%	49%	66%	48%	46%	57%	54%	60%	50%	51%	52%	63%	33%	82%	30%	40%	80%	49%	37%	85%	48%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Thinking again about Joe Biden’s age, which of the following statements comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden’s age makes him ineffective, but he is still able to handle the job of president well enough	26%	23%	29%	40%	28%	16%	26%	24%	33%	31%	27%	30%	23%	30%	20%	30%	30%	24%	28%	24%	29%	36%	29%	16%	45%	10%	18%	42%	14%	24%	41%	9%	27%
Joe Biden’s age is such a problem that he is not capable of handling the job of president	45%	50%	41%	41%	45%	52%	42%	48%	29%	39%	49%	41%	48%	43%	52%	38%	38%	46%	43%	49%	41%	37%	40%	57%	13%	71%	60%	13%	69%	49%	19%	75%	49%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	2%	1%	1%	1%	4%	2%	3%	3%	2%	1%	3%	1%	2%	2%	4%	2%	1%	4%	<1%	3%	1%	2%	1%	2%	8%	1%	1%	3%	1%	3%	0%
[PREVIOUSLY] Somewhat disagree	14%	11%	16%	7%	16%	17%	12%	14%	15%	14%	7%	13%	14%	13%	15%	14%	13%	15%	15%	10%	16%	9%	16%	13%	20%	10%	3%	24%	9%	11%	20%	7%	9%
[PREVIOUSLY] Strongly disagree	11%	11%	11%	10%	6%	12%	13%	10%	19%	12%	11%	13%	10%	13%	7%	14%	15%	9%	12%	11%	12%	14%	11%	9%	20%	4%	4%	19%	5%	10%	18%	5%	8%
[PREVIOUSLY] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	2%	1%	3%	<1%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	4%	1%	2%	<.5%	3%	4%	<.5%	4%	<1%	2%	1%	<1%	2%	3%	1%	2%	6%	<.5%	2%	3%	<.5%	1%	7%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Thinking again about Donald Trump’s age, which of the following statements comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump’s age makes him ineffective, but he is still able to handle the job of president well enough	21%	19%	22%	39%	24%	15%	13%	17%	27%	30%	28%	22%	20%	20%	15%	25%	31%	21%	28%	14%	23%	24%	21%	18%	25%	15%	32%	24%	13%	23%	21%	13%	32%
Donald Trump’s age is such a problem that he is not capable of handling the job of president	19%	21%	18%	20%	17%	16%	26%	20%	19%	13%	24%	24%	17%	28%	15%	16%	19%	18%	16%	21%	22%	19%	24%	14%	37%	2%	27%	30%	6%	24%	36%	<1%	16%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	2%	4%	1%	8%	2%	4%	4%	1%	2%	<.5%	7%	4%	1%	<1%	3%	3%	6%	<1%	2%	4%	<1%	2%	5%	<1%	1%	4%	<1%	<.5%
[PREVIOUSLY] Somewhat disagree	23%	25%	22%	22%	24%	29%	19%	25%	20%	25%	15%	24%	23%	25%	25%	24%	20%	28%	22%	23%	22%	22%	26%	21%	21%	26%	18%	25%	25%	21%	22%	25%	22%
[PREVIOUSLY] Strongly disagree	32%	32%	33%	16%	32%	38%	35%	35%	24%	28%	27%	25%	36%	24%	41%	24%	27%	30%	31%	37%	28%	29%	26%	42%	11%	55%	12%	15%	55%	29%	14%	60%	26%
[PREVIOUSLY] Don't know/Refused	2%	1%	2%	<.5%	2%	<1%	3%	2%	2%	1%	1%	2%	2%	1%	3%	3%	<.5%	3%	1%	2%	1%	<1%	2%	3%	2%	<1%	9%	1%	<.5%	2%	2%	<1%	3%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

(Split A) Do you think Joe Biden has the personality and temperament to be an effective president?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	51%	53%	49%	54%	43%	46%	62%	50%	62%	43%	66%	63%	43%	63%	42%	63%	46%	48%	55%	48%	55%	53%	58%	41%	89%	16%	27%	83%	27%	50%	84%	13%	37%
No	45%	44%	46%	38%	50%	53%	36%	45%	37%	54%	34%	37%	50%	37%	50%	36%	51%	43%	39%	50%	44%	43%	40%	52%	8%	81%	57%	14%	71%	46%	14%	86%	52%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	4%	2%	6%	8%	8%	<1%	2%	5%	<1%	4%	0%	<1%	7%	<.5%	8%	<1%	3%	9%	6%	2%	1%	4%	2%	7%	3%	2%	16%	3%	3%	4%	2%	1%	10%
Number of respondents	416	211	202	71	97	143	84	263	47	72	27	214	202	135	128	74	72	84	94	137	101	90	186	140	191	186	39	126	111	141	195	129	73
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	17%	22%	30%	27%	64%	12%	17%	6%	41%	59%	25%	39%	15%	20%	21%	22%	33%	24%	20%	45%	35%	46%	42%	11%	30%	27%	34%	47%	28%	19%

(Split A) Do you think Donald Trump has the personality and temperament to be an effective president?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	41%	42%	39%	45%	44%	49%	26%	41%	34%	52%	29%	31%	48%	29%	48%	35%	47%	45%	42%	43%	34%	40%	38%	45%	9%	79%	31%	12%	72%	37%	10%	84%	55%
No	56%	56%	56%	52%	50%	49%	71%	56%	61%	44%	67%	67%	48%	70%	47%	61%	49%	48%	55%	54%	64%	55%	61%	49%	89%	20%	50%	85%	27%	60%	89%	15%	39%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	3%	2%	5%	3%	6%	1%	3%	3%	4%	4%	4%	2%	4%	<1%	5%	4%	4%	7%	3%	3%	1%	5%	1%	6%	2%	<1%	18%	3%	<1%	3%	1%	<1%	6%
Number of respondents	416	211	202	71	97	143	84	263	47	72	27	214	202	135	128	74	72	84	94	137	101	90	186	140	191	186	39	126	111	141	195	129	73
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	17%	22%	30%	27%	64%	12%	17%	6%	41%	59%	25%	39%	15%	20%	21%	22%	33%	24%	20%	45%	35%	46%	42%	11%	30%	27%	34%	47%	28%	19%

Do you think Joe Biden’s policies have...
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Helped you personally	18%	17%	18%	10%	16%	21%	20%	19%	17%	15%	15%	25%	13%	28%	14%	20%	12%	19%	14%	15%	25%	22%	21%	12%	39%	2%	2%	43%	3%	12%	37%	<1%	8%
Hurt you personally	43%	45%	40%	34%	43%	51%	39%	49%	21%	36%	35%	39%	45%	39%	54%	36%	27%	43%	38%	47%	40%	36%	35%	55%	6%	76%	43%	10%	71%	43%	14%	86%	28%
Not made much of a difference either way	39%	37%	41%	56%	40%	27%	41%	31%	63%	49%	48%	35%	41%	31%	32%	43%	61%	36%	47%	38%	35%	42%	43%	32%	55%	22%	51%	46%	26%	43%	49%	13%	62%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	<1%	<.5%	1%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	2%	1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	2%	0%	2%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	1%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	4%	<.5%	<1%	1%	0%	<.5%	2%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Do you think Donald Trump’s policies have...
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Helped you personally	40%	41%	39%	28%	41%	48%	38%	44%	26%	37%	30%	34%	44%	34%	49%	32%	32%	45%	33%	45%	33%	32%	33%	53%	5%	74%	23%	11%	74%	36%	11%	80%	30%
Hurt you personally	25%	24%	26%	22%	24%	27%	26%	26%	24%	22%	24%	40%	16%	45%	15%	31%	18%	21%	31%	20%	31%	33%	26%	18%	53%	1%	17%	51%	3%	25%	50%	1%	10%
Not made much of a difference either way	34%	34%	34%	48%	34%	24%	35%	29%	48%	41%	43%	26%	39%	21%	34%	36%	48%	32%	34%	34%	35%	33%	40%	27%	41%	23%	54%	38%	22%	38%	38%	17%	58%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	1%	1%	2%	<1%	1%	2%	2%	1%	2%	<1%	3%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	2%	<1%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	1%	2%	<1%	2%	<1%	1%	5%	<1%	1%	1%	1%	<1%	2%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Thinking about the nation’s economy, how would you rate economic conditions today?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	7%	8%	5%	0%	3%	7%	15%	9%	1%	5%	5%	9%	6%	11%	7%	5%	3%	7%	4%	5%	12%	5%	8%	6%	14%	2%	4%	11%	5%	6%	14%	<.5%	4%
Good	19%	21%	17%	14%	17%	19%	23%	18%	25%	11%	29%	26%	14%	27%	13%	25%	16%	22%	17%	16%	21%	22%	21%	14%	39%	3%	9%	37%	5%	17%	35%	3%	13%
Only fair	23%	24%	22%	28%	24%	24%	18%	22%	23%	27%	23%	25%	21%	24%	20%	28%	22%	16%	30%	25%	19%	23%	24%	20%	24%	18%	40%	25%	17%	24%	23%	16%	31%
Poor	51%	47%	56%	59%	54%	51%	44%	51%	51%	57%	43%	40%	59%	38%	59%	42%	59%	54%	49%	54%	47%	49%	46%	60%	24%	77%	45%	27%	72%	52%	28%	80%	52%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	1%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	2%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	1%
NET Excellent/good	26%	29%	22%	14%	21%	26%	38%	27%	26%	16%	34%	35%	20%	37%	21%	30%	20%	29%	21%	21%	33%	28%	30%	20%	52%	4%	13%	48%	10%	24%	49%	3%	17%
NET Fair/poor	74%	71%	77%	86%	78%	74%	62%	73%	74%	84%	66%	65%	80%	62%	79%	70%	80%	70%	79%	79%	66%	72%	70%	80%	48%	96%	85%	52%	89%	76%	51%	97%	82%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

(Split B) And thinking about your own personal finances, would you say that your personal financial situation is in excellent shape, good shape, only fair shape, or poor shape?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	13%	14%	12%	4%	14%	13%	16%	17%	2%	9%	3%	17%	10%	20%	15%	12%	2%	12%	14%	13%	12%	12%	11%	15%	18%	9%	10%	14%	12%	15%	19%	9%	8%
Good	38%	39%	38%	34%	37%	43%	35%	37%	47%	27%	50%	43%	36%	46%	32%	40%	41%	44%	34%	35%	41%	40%	39%	36%	45%	33%	39%	47%	33%	37%	42%	35%	37%
Only fair	32%	29%	35%	34%	29%	29%	35%	31%	34%	33%	35%	29%	33%	27%	33%	37%	33%	33%	27%	34%	30%	33%	30%	32%	27%	36%	25%	27%	35%	32%	29%	35%	28%
Poor	17%	19%	15%	26%	20%	15%	13%	16%	17%	30%	10%	9%	21%	7%	20%	9%	23%	9%	25%	19%	17%	15%	19%	17%	10%	22%	23%	11%	20%	16%	10%	21%	25%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	0%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	3%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	3%	0%	1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%
NET Excellent/good	51%	52%	50%	38%	52%	56%	52%	54%	49%	37%	52%	60%	47%	66%	47%	51%	44%	56%	48%	47%	53%	52%	50%	51%	63%	42%	50%	61%	45%	51%	62%	44%	45%
NET Fair/poor	49%	48%	50%	60%	48%	44%	48%	46%	51%	63%	45%	39%	53%	34%	53%	46%	56%	43%	52%	53%	47%	48%	49%	49%	37%	58%	47%	39%	55%	49%	38%	56%	53%
Number of respondents	407	206	194	58	110	139	83	270	45	49	32	177	227	126	143	47	78	90	83	149	85	99	164	144	158	215	34	120	122	136	165	152	65
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	14%	25%	33%	24%	68%	10%	12%	8%	34%	65%	24%	43%	9%	20%	22%	19%	38%	21%	23%	40%	37%	39%	53%	8%	29%	32%	33%	40%	39%	16%

(Split A) Do you think the economy is better or worse than it was a year ago, or is it about the same?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Better	23%	30%	17%	23%	16%	17%	37%	25%	12%	17%	36%	30%	19%	32%	21%	24%	15%	20%	23%	23%	27%	17%	29%	20%	46%	4%	3%	44%	9%	21%	44%	4%	9%
Worse	40%	37%	44%	52%	40%	44%	26%	37%	43%	53%	29%	32%	45%	29%	42%	38%	51%	42%	50%	36%	34%	55%	33%	40%	16%	61%	60%	18%	53%	43%	19%	59%	50%
About the same	36%	33%	39%	25%	42%	39%	37%	37%	45%	30%	34%	38%	35%	37%	37%	39%	33%	36%	27%	41%	39%	27%	38%	39%	37%	35%	37%	36%	37%	36%	36%	37%	41%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	2%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%
Number of respondents	416	211	202	71	97	143	84	263	47	72	27	214	202	135	128	74	72	84	94	137	101	90	186	140	191	186	39	126	111	141	195	129	73
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	17%	22%	30%	27%	64%	12%	17%	6%	41%	59%	25%	39%	15%	20%	21%	22%	33%	24%	20%	45%	35%	46%	42%	11%	30%	27%	34%	47%	28%	19%

(Split B) Do you think the economy is better or worse than it was four years ago, or is it about the same?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Better	19%	20%	18%	11%	16%	25%	20%	21%	17%	17%	10%	28%	14%	30%	16%	25%	12%	21%	22%	13%	25%	19%	21%	16%	43%	3%	8%	41%	3%	16%	41%	<1%	11%
Worse	65%	63%	68%	71%	65%	62%	63%	66%	56%	71%	55%	51%	72%	50%	74%	47%	67%	58%	65%	73%	59%	58%	58%	77%	33%	89%	62%	36%	88%	67%	34%	93%	76%
About the same	16%	17%	13%	18%	18%	13%	17%	13%	27%	11%	34%	20%	13%	18%	10%	28%	21%	21%	13%	13%	16%	22%	20%	7%	23%	8%	30%	21%	9%	17%	24%	7%	13%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	0%	2%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	407	206	194	58	110	139	83	270	45	49	32	177	227	126	143	47	78	90	83	149	85	99	164	144	158	215	34	120	122	136	165	152	65
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	14%	25%	33%	24%	68%	10%	12%	8%	34%	65%	24%	43%	9%	20%	22%	19%	38%	21%	23%	40%	37%	39%	53%	8%	29%	32%	33%	40%	39%	16%

(Combined) Do you think the economy is better or worse than it was [one\|four] years ago, or is it about the same?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Better	21%	25%	17%	18%	16%	21%	29%	23%	15%	17%	21%	29%	17%	31%	18%	24%	14%	20%	23%	18%	26%	18%	25%	18%	45%	3%	5%	43%	6%	19%	42%	2%	10%
Worse	52%	50%	56%	61%	53%	53%	43%	52%	49%	60%	44%	40%	59%	39%	59%	41%	59%	50%	57%	56%	46%	57%	45%	59%	24%	76%	61%	27%	72%	54%	26%	78%	62%
About the same	26%	25%	26%	21%	29%	26%	27%	25%	36%	22%	34%	30%	24%	28%	23%	35%	27%	28%	21%	26%	28%	25%	29%	23%	31%	20%	34%	29%	22%	27%	31%	20%	28%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	<.5%	<1%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	0%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

(Split B) Thinking ahead to a year from now, do you think the economy is likely to be better, worse or about the same?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Better	30%	30%	30%	24%	28%	28%	37%	31%	26%	24%	36%	28%	30%	28%	33%	30%	25%	32%	32%	25%	33%	30%	28%	31%	35%	27%	20%	37%	34%	23%	31%	27%	35%
Worse	22%	20%	23%	37%	23%	18%	12%	20%	14%	39%	22%	20%	23%	21%	20%	15%	31%	15%	19%	25%	26%	18%	23%	22%	18%	25%	16%	15%	23%	21%	17%	25%	26%
About the same	38%	39%	38%	34%	44%	39%	39%	37%	47%	36%	35%	48%	33%	49%	31%	50%	36%	47%	42%	35%	33%	43%	39%	34%	41%	35%	52%	39%	30%	48%	45%	33%	34%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	10%	10%	10%	5%	5%	15%	13%	11%	14%	2%	6%	3%	14%	2%	16%	5%	8%	7%	7%	16%	7%	10%	9%	12%	6%	13%	12%	9%	12%	9%	7%	15%	5%
Number of respondents	407	206	194	58	110	139	83	270	45	49	32	177	227	126	143	47	78	90	83	149	85	99	164	144	158	215	34	120	122	136	165	152	65
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	14%	25%	33%	24%	68%	10%	12%	8%	34%	65%	24%	43%	9%	20%	22%	19%	38%	21%	23%	40%	37%	39%	53%	8%	29%	32%	33%	40%	39%	16%

(Split B) How would you rate each of the following aspects of the economy today? The availability of jobs
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	16%	19%	13%	5%	15%	21%	15%	16%	18%	12%	9%	18%	14%	18%	15%	20%	10%	19%	15%	13%	18%	16%	12%	19%	27%	6%	20%	27%	8%	14%	26%	4%	19%
Good	28%	30%	26%	18%	26%	35%	31%	29%	30%	13%	44%	33%	26%	34%	27%	35%	25%	37%	23%	23%	35%	37%	26%	26%	36%	24%	23%	33%	28%	28%	37%	27%	17%
Only fair	31%	27%	35%	45%	32%	28%	28%	33%	25%	28%	26%	31%	30%	31%	35%	29%	23%	23%	38%	35%	24%	24%	32%	34%	19%	38%	41%	21%	36%	36%	20%	37%	41%
Poor	21%	18%	23%	32%	23%	13%	18%	16%	27%	45%	21%	16%	23%	16%	15%	16%	41%	11%	22%	26%	22%	17%	26%	18%	14%	27%	15%	16%	22%	19%	15%	24%	23%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	6%	3%	0%	4%	4%	8%	6%	0%	2%	0%	1%	6%	2%	8%	0%	1%	10%	3%	3%	1%	6%	4%	4%	3%	6%	0%	3%	6%	3%	3%	8%	0%
NET Excellent/good	44%	49%	39%	23%	41%	55%	46%	45%	48%	26%	53%	52%	40%	52%	41%	55%	35%	56%	37%	35%	53%	53%	38%	45%	63%	30%	44%	60%	36%	42%	63%	31%	36%
NET Fair/poor	52%	45%	58%	77%	55%	41%	46%	49%	52%	73%	47%	47%	54%	46%	50%	45%	64%	34%	59%	62%	46%	41%	58%	51%	34%	64%	56%	37%	58%	55%	34%	61%	64%
Number of respondents	407	206	194	58	110	139	83	270	45	49	32	177	227	126	143	47	78	90	83	149	85	99	164	144	158	215	34	120	122	136	165	152	65
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	14%	25%	33%	24%	68%	10%	12%	8%	34%	65%	24%	43%	9%	20%	22%	19%	38%	21%	23%	40%	37%	39%	53%	8%	29%	32%	33%	40%	39%	16%

(Split B) The stock market
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	12%	16%	7%	8%	8%	16%	10%	15%	2%	8%	0%	19%	8%	24%	10%	9%	2%	17%	11%	6%	17%	11%	13%	10%	19%	7%	4%	19%	7%	11%	19%	5%	11%
Good	23%	28%	19%	10%	17%	27%	33%	24%	25%	14%	31%	30%	20%	31%	20%	29%	20%	24%	26%	19%	27%	24%	25%	20%	31%	16%	27%	29%	18%	25%	32%	15%	17%
Only fair	34%	29%	38%	52%	36%	32%	27%	33%	49%	33%	29%	30%	36%	28%	36%	35%	37%	20%	46%	41%	24%	31%	37%	32%	28%	38%	35%	29%	38%	35%	28%	43%	30%
Poor	21%	18%	24%	25%	20%	19%	17%	17%	22%	38%	24%	15%	24%	11%	20%	20%	33%	20%	10%	21%	30%	19%	18%	25%	14%	27%	8%	13%	27%	18%	14%	25%	25%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	11%	9%	13%	5%	19%	6%	12%	11%	2%	7%	16%	6%	13%	6%	13%	7%	8%	19%	7%	12%	3%	15%	6%	13%	7%	11%	26%	10%	10%	11%	7%	12%	17%
NET Excellent/good	35%	44%	26%	17%	25%	43%	44%	39%	27%	22%	31%	49%	28%	55%	31%	38%	22%	41%	36%	25%	43%	35%	39%	30%	51%	24%	31%	48%	25%	36%	52%	20%	28%
NET Fair/poor	55%	47%	61%	77%	56%	51%	45%	50%	71%	71%	53%	45%	59%	39%	56%	56%	70%	40%	56%	63%	54%	50%	55%	57%	42%	66%	43%	43%	65%	53%	42%	68%	54%
Number of respondents	407	206	194	58	110	139	83	270	45	49	32	177	227	126	143	47	78	90	83	149	85	99	164	144	158	215	34	120	122	136	165	152	65
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	14%	25%	33%	24%	68%	10%	12%	8%	34%	65%	24%	43%	9%	20%	22%	19%	38%	21%	23%	40%	37%	39%	53%	8%	29%	32%	33%	40%	39%	16%

(Split A) Prices for food and consumer goods
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%
Good	11%	15%	8%	6%	6%	7%	26%	12%	9%	6%	24%	10%	12%	10%	13%	9%	11%	13%	9%	11%	13%	10%	17%	6%	21%	<1%	11%	14%	7%	14%	23%	0%	4%
Only fair	23%	23%	23%	26%	28%	20%	20%	24%	22%	19%	36%	32%	17%	34%	17%	29%	18%	18%	27%	22%	26%	22%	26%	20%	38%	11%	11%	38%	14%	21%	30%	8%	30%
Poor	65%	61%	69%	67%	65%	72%	54%	64%	69%	73%	40%	56%	71%	54%	71%	61%	70%	69%	64%	65%	61%	68%	57%	73%	40%	88%	77%	46%	79%	65%	47%	92%	65%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	2%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%
NET Excellent/good	12%	16%	8%	6%	6%	8%	26%	12%	9%	6%	24%	11%	12%	11%	13%	10%	11%	13%	9%	12%	13%	10%	17%	6%	22%	<1%	11%	15%	7%	14%	23%	0%	4%
NET Fair/poor	88%	84%	92%	94%	93%	92%	74%	88%	91%	93%	76%	88%	88%	89%	87%	90%	89%	87%	91%	87%	87%	90%	82%	94%	78%	99%	87%	85%	92%	86%	77%	100%	95%
Number of respondents	416	211	202	71	97	143	84	263	47	72	27	214	202	135	128	74	72	84	94	137	101	90	186	140	191	186	39	126	111	141	195	129	73
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	17%	22%	30%	27%	64%	12%	17%	6%	41%	59%	25%	39%	15%	20%	21%	22%	33%	24%	20%	45%	35%	46%	42%	11%	30%	27%	34%	47%	28%	19%

(Split A) The housing market
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	2%	<.5%	3%	<.5%	1%	1%	4%	2%	0%	3%	0%	2%	1%	2%	2%	3%	0%	<1%	<.5%	1%	4%	1%	<1%	3%	3%	<1%	0%	4%	<1%	<1%	3%	<1%	<.5%
Good	13%	18%	9%	8%	9%	13%	22%	14%	13%	11%	18%	13%	13%	16%	12%	9%	15%	10%	14%	15%	13%	12%	18%	8%	25%	4%	3%	21%	7%	14%	22%	3%	12%
Only fair	26%	21%	31%	34%	21%	26%	25%	26%	27%	25%	36%	27%	25%	27%	25%	29%	26%	24%	29%	28%	22%	19%	31%	24%	31%	23%	17%	29%	20%	28%	29%	22%	26%
Poor	53%	53%	53%	58%	64%	57%	35%	50%	60%	60%	46%	53%	53%	51%	50%	56%	59%	55%	52%	48%	60%	66%	44%	57%	36%	69%	64%	43%	66%	53%	41%	71%	54%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	6%	7%	4%	0%	5%	3%	15%	9%	0%	2%	0%	4%	7%	5%	11%	2%	0%	10%	5%	8%	0%	1%	6%	8%	5%	4%	16%	3%	7%	4%	6%	3%	8%
NET Excellent/good	15%	19%	11%	8%	10%	14%	25%	16%	13%	13%	18%	15%	15%	17%	14%	13%	15%	11%	15%	16%	17%	13%	19%	11%	28%	4%	3%	25%	8%	14%	24%	4%	12%
NET Fair/poor	79%	74%	84%	92%	85%	84%	60%	76%	87%	85%	82%	81%	78%	78%	75%	86%	85%	78%	81%	76%	83%	86%	75%	81%	67%	92%	81%	72%	85%	82%	70%	93%	80%
Number of respondents	416	211	202	71	97	143	84	263	47	72	27	214	202	135	128	74	72	84	94	137	101	90	186	140	191	186	39	126	111	141	195	129	73
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	17%	22%	30%	27%	64%	12%	17%	6%	41%	59%	25%	39%	15%	20%	21%	22%	33%	24%	20%	45%	35%	46%	42%	11%	30%	27%	34%	47%	28%	19%

(Split B) Gas prices
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	3%	4%	<1%	0%	6%	1%	3%	3%	2%	0%	2%	4%	2%	5%	3%	4%	0%	7%	2%	<.5%	2%	4%	4%	<1%	4%	2%	2%	4%	3%	2%	4%	0%	6%
Good	14%	13%	15%	6%	13%	18%	12%	13%	16%	8%	28%	22%	10%	21%	9%	25%	13%	15%	15%	11%	15%	19%	11%	14%	29%	4%	7%	29%	3%	14%	28%	3%	9%
Only fair	34%	29%	39%	53%	38%	28%	30%	35%	40%	33%	20%	36%	33%	40%	33%	29%	32%	31%	41%	38%	25%	33%	36%	32%	41%	25%	61%	37%	22%	44%	39%	26%	43%
Poor	49%	53%	44%	42%	42%	53%	54%	48%	42%	57%	49%	38%	54%	35%	55%	42%	55%	47%	41%	49%	57%	44%	48%	53%	25%	69%	27%	30%	73%	39%	29%	70%	42%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	0%	1%	1%	0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%
NET Excellent/good	16%	17%	16%	6%	19%	19%	16%	17%	18%	8%	31%	26%	12%	26%	12%	29%	13%	22%	17%	12%	18%	22%	15%	14%	33%	5%	10%	33%	5%	16%	32%	3%	15%
NET Fair/poor	83%	82%	83%	94%	79%	81%	84%	83%	82%	91%	69%	74%	87%	74%	87%	71%	87%	78%	81%	87%	82%	77%	84%	85%	66%	94%	89%	67%	94%	83%	67%	97%	85%
Number of respondents	407	206	194	58	110	139	83	270	45	49	32	177	227	126	143	47	78	90	83	149	85	99	164	144	158	215	34	120	122	136	165	152	65
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	14%	25%	33%	24%	68%	10%	12%	8%	34%	65%	24%	43%	9%	20%	22%	19%	38%	21%	23%	40%	37%	39%	53%	8%	29%	32%	33%	40%	39%	16%

(Split A) Wages and incomes
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	4%	6%	1%	<.5%	0%	5%	9%	4%	2%	5%	3%	3%	4%	3%	4%	3%	4%	4%	2%	4%	5%	2%	5%	4%	5%	1%	7%	6%	5%	2%	7%	<.5%	2%
Good	24%	25%	24%	14%	22%	21%	37%	25%	15%	21%	37%	31%	19%	31%	21%	29%	16%	17%	31%	23%	27%	14%	34%	18%	41%	8%	15%	39%	15%	22%	38%	9%	18%
Only fair	31%	28%	34%	39%	24%	38%	23%	36%	30%	20%	19%	28%	33%	34%	37%	19%	27%	38%	27%	32%	27%	29%	29%	35%	32%	33%	18%	34%	34%	30%	28%	37%	29%
Poor	39%	40%	38%	47%	49%	36%	30%	34%	53%	49%	36%	36%	41%	31%	36%	45%	51%	38%	39%	39%	40%	52%	32%	41%	21%	55%	55%	21%	46%	42%	24%	52%	49%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	1%	2%	0%	5%	<1%	1%	<1%	0%	5%	5%	2%	2%	<.5%	1%	3%	3%	3%	1%	1%	2%	2%	1%	2%	<1%	3%	4%	0%	<.5%	4%	2%	1%	2%
NET Excellent/good	28%	31%	25%	14%	22%	26%	46%	29%	17%	26%	40%	35%	24%	35%	26%	32%	20%	21%	32%	27%	32%	16%	38%	22%	47%	10%	22%	45%	20%	24%	46%	10%	20%
NET Fair/poor	70%	68%	73%	86%	73%	73%	53%	70%	83%	69%	55%	64%	74%	65%	73%	65%	77%	76%	66%	71%	66%	82%	60%	76%	53%	88%	74%	55%	80%	72%	52%	89%	78%
Number of respondents	416	211	202	71	97	143	84	263	47	72	27	214	202	135	128	74	72	84	94	137	101	90	186	140	191	186	39	126	111	141	195	129	73
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	17%	22%	30%	27%	64%	12%	17%	6%	41%	59%	25%	39%	15%	20%	21%	22%	33%	24%	20%	45%	35%	46%	42%	11%	30%	27%	34%	47%	28%	19%

In the dispute between Israel and the Palestinians [pah-luh-stin-ians], which side do you sympathize with more: Israel or the Palestinians [pah-luh-stin-ians]?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Israel	40%	43%	37%	16%	34%	45%	54%	46%	23%	27%	27%	35%	42%	42%	49%	22%	29%	42%	27%	47%	38%	32%	35%	50%	22%	58%	24%	26%	64%	32%	25%	64%	25%
Palestinians	24%	23%	26%	51%	28%	16%	16%	21%	31%	31%	39%	34%	19%	32%	14%	38%	30%	21%	32%	19%	29%	35%	26%	16%	39%	12%	22%	42%	8%	25%	39%	8%	24%
[VOL] Both equally (Includes neither)	15%	17%	13%	12%	21%	10%	16%	13%	24%	12%	21%	15%	15%	11%	15%	22%	15%	12%	17%	16%	15%	12%	19%	13%	20%	9%	24%	15%	7%	22%	19%	7%	23%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	21%	17%	24%	21%	17%	29%	14%	20%	21%	29%	13%	16%	24%	15%	23%	17%	27%	26%	24%	18%	18%	22%	21%	21%	19%	21%	31%	17%	21%	21%	17%	21%	28%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

For each of the following items, tell me whether you support or oppose the policy.
Providing additional economic and military support to Ukraine
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Strongly support	35%	39%	31%	21%	26%	33%	53%	38%	28%	23%	37%	43%	30%	47%	34%	35%	24%	36%	33%	32%	39%	34%	38%	31%	62%	14%	16%	56%	21%	34%	59%	13%	23%
Somewhat support	24%	22%	26%	34%	24%	23%	20%	25%	19%	24%	26%	25%	24%	27%	24%	21%	24%	22%	28%	20%	29%	31%	24%	20%	21%	26%	26%	23%	30%	21%	19%	28%	27%
Somewhat oppose	13%	11%	14%	16%	17%	14%	6%	11%	19%	16%	10%	10%	14%	11%	12%	10%	19%	15%	10%	14%	10%	8%	11%	17%	8%	17%	14%	9%	11%	15%	8%	16%	16%
Strongly oppose	23%	23%	22%	24%	28%	27%	12%	20%	24%	29%	21%	20%	25%	13%	25%	31%	22%	23%	23%	24%	22%	23%	22%	24%	7%	36%	28%	10%	32%	23%	11%	36%	25%
[VOL] Have not heard of this	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	6%	4%	8%	4%	5%	3%	9%	5%	9%	8%	6%	2%	8%	2%	7%	3%	10%	5%	6%	10%	1%	5%	5%	8%	3%	6%	16%	2%	6%	7%	3%	7%	9%
NET Support	59%	61%	56%	55%	51%	56%	73%	64%	48%	47%	63%	68%	54%	74%	57%	56%	48%	57%	61%	52%	67%	65%	62%	51%	83%	41%	42%	79%	51%	55%	78%	41%	50%
NET Oppose	35%	34%	36%	40%	44%	41%	18%	31%	43%	45%	31%	30%	39%	23%	36%	41%	42%	38%	33%	38%	31%	31%	33%	41%	14%	53%	42%	19%	43%	38%	19%	52%	41%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Making it harder for migrants at the southern border to seek asylum in the United States
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Strongly support	31%	32%	30%	9%	23%	42%	40%	35%	18%	21%	29%	30%	31%	31%	38%	28%	19%	34%	26%	32%	30%	25%	31%	35%	12%	51%	14%	12%	55%	26%	15%	56%	24%
Somewhat support	19%	21%	17%	27%	20%	17%	17%	18%	21%	24%	14%	23%	16%	23%	15%	21%	20%	16%	25%	16%	19%	23%	19%	15%	23%	14%	26%	20%	12%	22%	23%	11%	22%
Somewhat oppose	18%	17%	18%	29%	21%	15%	12%	18%	21%	17%	16%	16%	19%	17%	18%	15%	20%	15%	20%	19%	16%	20%	15%	20%	25%	11%	18%	27%	7%	20%	22%	10%	21%
Strongly oppose	25%	23%	27%	31%	27%	21%	21%	22%	27%	30%	39%	27%	24%	25%	20%	29%	31%	28%	20%	22%	31%	24%	29%	21%	33%	18%	28%	35%	18%	24%	34%	17%	21%
[VOL] Have not heard of this	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	2%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	1%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<.5%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	8%	7%	8%	4%	9%	6%	9%	7%	12%	8%	1%	4%	10%	4%	9%	5%	10%	7%	8%	10%	4%	9%	6%	9%	7%	7%	15%	6%	8%	7%	6%	7%	12%
NET Support	49%	52%	47%	35%	43%	58%	57%	53%	39%	45%	43%	52%	48%	54%	52%	49%	39%	50%	51%	48%	49%	48%	50%	50%	35%	65%	40%	32%	67%	48%	38%	67%	46%
NET Oppose	43%	40%	45%	60%	49%	36%	33%	40%	49%	47%	54%	43%	42%	43%	38%	44%	51%	43%	41%	41%	47%	43%	43%	41%	58%	29%	45%	61%	25%	44%	56%	26%	42%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Thinking about the investigations into Donald Trump, do you think that Donald Trump has or has not committed any serious federal crimes?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump has committed serious federal crimes	53%	50%	56%	74%	45%	47%	56%	48%	68%	63%	65%	62%	48%	61%	41%	65%	64%	55%	55%	45%	62%	62%	60%	39%	91%	21%	47%	85%	21%	57%	87%	12%	56%
Donald Trump has not committed serious federal crimes	36%	38%	34%	21%	36%	44%	38%	42%	20%	28%	23%	30%	40%	33%	47%	23%	25%	32%	33%	45%	30%	28%	30%	49%	4%	68%	23%	10%	67%	33%	6%	77%	30%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	11%	12%	10%	6%	19%	10%	6%	10%	12%	10%	13%	8%	12%	6%	13%	12%	11%	13%	12%	10%	8%	10%	10%	12%	5%	12%	29%	6%	13%	10%	7%	11%	14%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

What single news source do you turn to most often?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
[VOL] Fox News	10%	9%	11%	7%	5%	12%	12%	11%	1%	8%	9%	8%	11%	9%	13%	5%	7%	9%	6%	12%	10%	5%	10%	12%	<1%	18%	7%	2%	22%	5%	<1%	23%	5%
[VOL] CNN	7%	8%	6%	6%	8%	9%	4%	5%	19%	8%	10%	8%	7%	6%	4%	13%	12%	5%	10%	7%	8%	11%	8%	4%	10%	5%	5%	15%	2%	5%	11%	3%	8%
[VOL] MSNBC	2%	3%	2%	<1%	0%	2%	7%	3%	6%	<1%	0%	4%	2%	5%	1%	3%	2%	2%	2%	2%	5%	3%	3%	1%	6%	<.5%	0%	7%	<.5%	<1%	5%	<.5%	0%
[VOL] Public Radio/NPR/PBS	3%	4%	3%	4%	5%	3%	2%	4%	2%	<1%	11%	6%	2%	6%	2%	8%	<1%	4%	4%	3%	2%	6%	2%	3%	7%	<1%	4%	5%	1%	4%	6%	<1%	2%
[VOL] Talk radio/conservative personality	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%
[VOL] National television networks, like CBS, NBC or ABC	13%	10%	16%	5%	9%	13%	21%	13%	14%	18%	8%	11%	14%	13%	13%	9%	16%	13%	17%	14%	8%	14%	11%	15%	14%	11%	18%	13%	15%	11%	14%	11%	15%
[VOL] Local broadcast news (includes non-talk, non-public local radio)	7%	4%	10%	3%	8%	6%	12%	8%	9%	3%	8%	2%	10%	2%	11%	4%	8%	8%	6%	8%	6%	3%	6%	11%	8%	6%	8%	8%	6%	8%	8%	5%	6%
[VOL] National print or online news organizations, like The New York Times or The Wall Street Journal	6%	7%	6%	9%	5%	6%	8%	7%	3%	5%	11%	13%	3%	13%	3%	11%	2%	6%	9%	4%	8%	9%	6%	5%	12%	2%	4%	10%	2%	8%	11%	3%	4%
[VOL] Local print or online news organizations	1%	1%	1%	0%	<.5%	1%	2%	1%	<1%	1%	5%	2%	1%	1%	<1%	2%	2%	1%	1%	<1%	2%	1%	2%	<.5%	2%	<1%	0%	<1%	1%	2%	2%	<1%	1%
[VOL] Social media	17%	19%	15%	35%	21%	14%	6%	14%	22%	26%	15%	13%	19%	9%	17%	21%	24%	17%	18%	18%	14%	21%	18%	13%	14%	18%	24%	12%	13%	22%	15%	16%	23%
[VOL] Friends and family	<1%	<.5%	1%	2%	1%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	2%	<1%	0%	1%	<1%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	2%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	1%
[VOL] International news sources (such as the BBC, Al Jazeera and The Guardian)	3%	3%	3%	4%	3%	3%	<1%	3%	0%	4%	2%	4%	2%	5%	2%	3%	2%	3%	2%	3%	4%	3%	4%	1%	4%	2%	2%	3%	1%	4%	3%	1%	3%
[VOL] Aggregation sites (such as Bing, Google, Yahoo News or Apple News)	5%	4%	6%	7%	4%	7%	3%	5%	5%	5%	3%	5%	5%	5%	5%	3%	5%	5%	4%	5%	5%	6%	5%	4%	6%	4%	6%	7%	3%	5%	6%	3%	5%
[VOL] Conservative news sites	3%	4%	2%	3%	3%	3%	3%	4%	0%	2%	1%	2%	3%	3%	4%	<1%	1%	3%	<.5%	5%	2%	1%	1%	6%	<.5%	6%	0%	<.5%	6%	3%	<.5%	7%	<1%
[VOL] Newsmax	1%	1%	1%	0%	<1%	2%	2%	2%	0%	0%	0%	1%	1%	2%	2%	0%	0%	3%	1%	1%	<.5%	0%	2%	2%	0%	3%	0%	0%	3%	<1%	0%	4%	0%
[VOL] Liberal news sites (Such as Mother Jones and Occupy Democrats)	<1%	1%	<1%	0%	1%	2%	0%	<.5%	0%	2%	3%	<.5%	1%	0%	<1%	1%	2%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	3%	0%	1%	<1%	1%	0%	2%	2%	0%	<.5%	2%	0%	<.5%
[VOL] Doesn’t consume news	2%	2%	<1%	<1%	2%	1%	<1%	2%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	2%	<1%	3%	<.5%	<.5%	3%	2%	<1%	1%	<.5%	2%	2%	<.5%	3%	0%	<.5%	4%	<.5%	<.5%	2%	3%
[VOL] Other (includes no preference and the internet)	12%	14%	11%	6%	16%	11%	14%	13%	10%	10%	11%	14%	12%	15%	12%	11%	10%	15%	9%	10%	17%	11%	13%	12%	11%	14%	14%	8%	15%	13%	11%	14%	14%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	5%	5%	4%	7%	7%	4%	3%	5%	5%	5%	5%	5%	5%	5%	5%	5%	5%	3%	6%	4%	6%	4%	4%	6%	4%	5%	8%	4%	5%	5%	4%	5%	7%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

How often, if ever, do you use social media, such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok or others?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Often	50%	44%	57%	75%	57%	48%	34%	49%	49%	58%	51%	54%	48%	52%	47%	58%	51%	48%	59%	46%	52%	51%	54%	46%	53%	49%	41%	54%	47%	52%	51%	47%	61%
Sometimes	21%	24%	17%	18%	21%	24%	18%	19%	24%	25%	20%	20%	21%	19%	19%	19%	25%	21%	18%	23%	19%	20%	21%	20%	18%	22%	28%	20%	21%	19%	19%	21%	21%
Rarely	12%	15%	10%	5%	12%	13%	17%	14%	10%	7%	10%	12%	12%	13%	14%	11%	8%	13%	9%	15%	9%	12%	10%	14%	10%	14%	11%	11%	15%	10%	11%	15%	9%
Never	17%	18%	15%	2%	8%	16%	32%	18%	15%	10%	20%	14%	18%	15%	19%	12%	15%	17%	13%	16%	20%	17%	15%	19%	18%	14%	20%	15%	18%	18%	20%	17%	9%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	1%	0%	0%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	0%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

(If social media user) How often, if ever, do you use TikTok?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Often	15%	13%	18%	44%	15%	10%	4%	13%	26%	23%	8%	11%	18%	7%	17%	20%	22%	8%	20%	18%	15%	15%	17%	14%	15%	15%	19%	14%	13%	17%	14%	12%	29%
Sometimes	10%	10%	10%	14%	14%	11%	3%	8%	7%	20%	9%	11%	9%	11%	7%	9%	16%	12%	10%	9%	10%	11%	11%	8%	10%	10%	9%	12%	7%	10%	10%	9%	12%
Rarely	10%	9%	10%	13%	12%	9%	7%	9%	11%	8%	14%	13%	8%	15%	6%	10%	11%	14%	6%	10%	9%	12%	10%	8%	13%	7%	7%	14%	8%	7%	13%	7%	8%
Never	48%	49%	47%	26%	49%	55%	54%	51%	39%	39%	50%	50%	46%	51%	50%	48%	36%	48%	50%	47%	47%	45%	47%	51%	43%	53%	44%	44%	54%	48%	43%	55%	42%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%
[PREVIOUSLY] Never use social media	17%	18%	15%	2%	8%	16%	32%	18%	15%	10%	20%	14%	18%	15%	19%	12%	15%	17%	13%	16%	20%	17%	15%	19%	18%	14%	20%	15%	18%	18%	20%	17%	9%
[PREVIOUSLY] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	1%	0%	0%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	0%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

And just a few more questions for demographic purposes ...
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very liberal	11%	10%	12%	13%	11%	9%	10%	10%	14%	13%	13%	15%	9%	16%	7%	15%	13%	5%	15%	10%	15%	16%	12%	7%	22%	1%	10%	30%	2%	4%	22%	1%	6%
Somewhat liberal	14%	10%	17%	20%	15%	11%	14%	13%	22%	7%	24%	18%	11%	17%	11%	20%	13%	19%	14%	10%	14%	18%	14%	11%	26%	4%	9%	27%	1%	14%	24%	2%	13%
Moderate	33%	37%	30%	40%	40%	34%	25%	31%	34%	44%	29%	38%	31%	37%	28%	40%	36%	32%	39%	32%	32%	37%	33%	32%	36%	27%	52%	30%	16%	51%	37%	23%	41%
Somewhat conservative	20%	20%	21%	11%	19%	27%	19%	21%	18%	18%	19%	15%	23%	15%	25%	15%	19%	24%	18%	22%	17%	18%	22%	20%	10%	31%	15%	10%	36%	18%	13%	32%	18%
Very conservative	18%	20%	16%	10%	10%	18%	30%	22%	5%	12%	13%	12%	22%	15%	26%	5%	12%	18%	10%	22%	19%	9%	16%	25%	3%	34%	4%	2%	43%	10%	3%	40%	13%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	3%	4%	6%	5%	2%	2%	2%	7%	5%	3%	2%	5%	<1%	3%	4%	6%	3%	4%	4%	3%	3%	3%	5%	3%	3%	10%	2%	3%	2%	2%	3%	8%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Which of the following general income categories is your total household income before taxes?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Under $25,000	9%	7%	11%	15%	7%	6%	10%	7%	13%	19%	2%	2%	14%	1%	11%	3%	20%	4%	10%	11%	10%	9%	9%	9%	6%	12%	10%	7%	14%	5%	5%	8%	22%
At least $25,000 but under $50,000	17%	15%	19%	20%	12%	12%	25%	17%	20%	16%	16%	7%	23%	8%	23%	7%	24%	23%	15%	16%	14%	23%	14%	16%	15%	18%	21%	15%	15%	21%	16%	16%	19%
At least $50,000 but under $100,000	29%	30%	29%	34%	30%	28%	29%	29%	26%	27%	31%	27%	31%	25%	32%	27%	28%	29%	27%	31%	29%	26%	30%	30%	29%	29%	29%	33%	27%	29%	30%	31%	25%
At least $100,000 but under $200,000	25%	30%	20%	21%	32%	29%	17%	26%	23%	22%	25%	38%	17%	40%	18%	34%	17%	25%	28%	25%	21%	23%	26%	24%	31%	22%	13%	31%	21%	23%	30%	24%	15%
$200,000 or more	12%	15%	9%	4%	13%	18%	10%	14%	5%	9%	15%	21%	7%	22%	9%	19%	3%	12%	12%	8%	19%	12%	12%	13%	11%	13%	12%	9%	17%	12%	12%	14%	8%
[VOL] Refused	8%	4%	12%	7%	6%	7%	9%	6%	12%	8%	11%	6%	8%	4%	8%	10%	9%	6%	9%	9%	8%	7%	9%	7%	8%	6%	15%	5%	6%	10%	6%	7%	11%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Do you consider yourself Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, some other religion, or do you have no religious affiliation?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Catholic	20%	22%	18%	17%	18%	24%	17%	18%	6%	41%	22%	19%	20%	18%	17%	21%	27%	17%	35%	11%	23%	25%	24%	11%	16%	21%	28%	18%	22%	18%	17%	20%	24%
Protestant (Christian)	29%	29%	30%	18%	28%	29%	40%	31%	40%	19%	14%	31%	29%	33%	31%	24%	26%	41%	18%	37%	17%	25%	28%	34%	26%	34%	21%	22%	39%	28%	27%	37%	21%
Mormon (LDS)	2%	<1%	3%	4%	1%	2%	<.5%	2%	<1%	3%	0%	1%	2%	1%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	0%	1%	5%	<1%	2%	2%	<1%	3%	<1%	<.5%	2%	1%	1%	3%	1%
Jewish	2%	2%	2%	2%	3%	2%	2%	3%	1%	<1%	1%	4%	1%	5%	1%	2%	<1%	1%	5%	1%	2%	2%	3%	2%	3%	1%	0%	4%	2%	2%	3%	1%	2%
Muslim	1%	<1%	2%	1%	3%	1%	0%	<1%	8%	0%	1%	3%	<1%	1%	<.5%	6%	<1%	2%	3%	1%	<.5%	3%	2%	<.5%	<1%	1%	5%	2%	0%	3%	2%	<.5%	2%
[VOL] Christian (includes Baptist, Lutheran, Episcopalian, Methodist, Adventist, Presbyterian)	13%	10%	15%	11%	7%	15%	16%	13%	19%	10%	10%	7%	15%	7%	16%	8%	15%	8%	4%	21%	11%	8%	9%	19%	11%	15%	6%	10%	20%	9%	9%	18%	11%
[VOL] Greek/Russian Orthodox	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	2%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	1%	<1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%
Some other religion (specify)	2%	2%	2%	1%	4%	1%	1%	<.5%	1%	2%	15%	3%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	8%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	3%	4%	2%	<1%	3%	1%	<1%	3%	<.5%	2%	3%	<.5%	2%
No religious affiliation	28%	32%	25%	46%	33%	24%	19%	30%	22%	21%	36%	30%	27%	32%	29%	26%	24%	24%	32%	24%	35%	28%	28%	28%	35%	21%	33%	37%	14%	32%	34%	18%	36%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	2%	3%	<.5%	3%	2%	2%	2%	2%	3%	0%	2%	3%	1%	3%	2%	2%	5%	<1%	2%	3%	3%	2%	2%	2%	2%	5%	1%	<1%	5%	3%	3%	<.5%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

(Without combination) (If Protestant, Christian, Mormon, Greek/Russian Orthodox or some other religion) Do you consider yourself an evangelical or born-again Christian?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	28%	26%	30%	18%	21%	31%	39%	29%	43%	23%	12%	22%	31%	24%	32%	18%	32%	31%	13%	40%	22%	23%	24%	36%	22%	37%	16%	22%	45%	21%	23%	38%	23%
No	16%	16%	17%	17%	18%	12%	17%	16%	14%	13%	26%	20%	14%	18%	15%	23%	13%	19%	9%	17%	18%	18%	15%	16%	19%	14%	12%	16%	13%	18%	17%	17%	13%
[PREVIOUSLY] Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, no religious affiliation or refused	52%	56%	48%	59%	59%	53%	40%	52%	37%	62%	59%	56%	50%	57%	48%	55%	52%	47%	76%	37%	59%	59%	56%	43%	55%	46%	69%	59%	38%	57%	56%	42%	60%
[VOL] Refused	4%	2%	6%	6%	2%	4%	4%	4%	7%	2%	2%	2%	5%	2%	5%	4%	4%	3%	3%	6%	2%	0%	4%	5%	4%	4%	3%	3%	4%	4%	4%	3%	4%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Do you own or rent your home or apartment?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Own home or apartment	66%	66%	65%	20%	64%	78%	81%	75%	49%	42%	56%	72%	62%	78%	73%	58%	41%	72%	68%	64%	60%	53%	61%	78%	63%	68%	61%	63%	73%	64%	66%	76%	44%
Rent home or apartment	29%	28%	29%	61%	32%	18%	17%	21%	44%	44%	41%	24%	31%	19%	23%	36%	47%	24%	28%	30%	32%	41%	33%	16%	30%	26%	36%	29%	22%	31%	27%	20%	49%
[VOL] Another living arrangement	4%	4%	5%	16%	2%	2%	2%	3%	4%	11%	3%	4%	5%	3%	3%	5%	8%	3%	2%	5%	7%	4%	5%	4%	5%	4%	3%	8%	4%	2%	6%	2%	6%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	1%	2%	<.5%	3%	2%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	3%	3%	0%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	1%	<1%	4%	<1%	1%	2%	2%	2%	1%	2%	1%	2%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	3%	1%	2%	<.5%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

(If independent, another party or not sure) And as of today, do you lean more to:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
The Democratic Party	34%	36%	32%	41%	30%	24%	42%	36%	30%	31%	34%	47%	26%	53%	26%	36%	29%	38%	36%	32%	29%	39%	39%	25%	81%	5%	9%	-	-	38%	68%	3%	26%
The Republican Party	46%	48%	43%	43%	46%	56%	45%	50%	32%	35%	41%	35%	53%	36%	59%	33%	38%	42%	44%	48%	51%	41%	41%	55%	3%	88%	33%	-	-	46%	15%	90%	46%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	20%	16%	25%	16%	24%	20%	13%	14%	38%	34%	25%	18%	21%	11%	16%	31%	32%	21%	20%	20%	20%	20%	20%	20%	16%	7%	58%	-	-	16%	17%	6%	29%
Number of respondents	344	195	144	62	95	107	64	213	35	54	28	164	178	103	110	54	62	87	73	119	65	72	158	114	124	162	58			277	133	93	81
Percent of total electorate	100%	54%	45%	19%	26%	26%	24%	63%	9%	16%	8%	37%	61%	23%	40%	13%	20%	25%	21%	35%	18%	19%	45%	35%	37%	44%	19%			82%	38%	27%	24%

Combined: Party identification and leaners
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
The Democratic Party	43%	41%	45%	54%	43%	38%	44%	39%	72%	43%	46%	56%	36%	55%	29%	57%	52%	38%	50%	39%	48%	55%	47%	31%	90%	7%	13%	100%	0%	38%	83%	3%	31%
The Republican Party	49%	52%	45%	38%	46%	55%	50%	56%	15%	41%	42%	37%	56%	41%	65%	29%	35%	52%	42%	52%	46%	37%	44%	61%	4%	90%	40%	0%	100%	46%	11%	95%	53%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	8%	7%	9%	8%	11%	7%	5%	5%	13%	16%	12%	7%	8%	4%	6%	14%	13%	10%	8%	8%	7%	8%	9%	8%	6%	3%	47%	0%	0%	16%	6%	2%	16%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Would you be open to commenting on the issues in this survey and be interested in being contacted by a reporter?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity				Education		Race/Education				Region				Urbanicity			2024 Vote Choice			Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Hispanic	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Midwest	North-East	South	West	City	Suburb	Rural	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	33%	41%	25%	29%	38%	37%	28%	32%	33%	29%	40%	40%	28%	41%	27%	37%	30%	29%	37%	33%	32%	39%	34%	27%	33%	33%	31%	35%	25%	38%	35%	31%	27%
No	67%	59%	75%	71%	62%	63%	72%	68%	67%	71%	60%	60%	72%	59%	73%	63%	70%	71%	63%	67%	68%	61%	66%	73%	67%	67%	69%	65%	75%	62%	65%	69%	73%
Number of respondents	823	417	396	129	207	282	167	533	92	121	59	391	429	261	271	121	150	174	177	286	186	189	350	284	349	401	73	246	233	277	360	281	138
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	16%	23%	31%	25%	66%	11%	14%	7%	37%	62%	25%	41%	12%	20%	21%	21%	35%	23%	22%	42%	36%	43%	48%	10%	29%	30%	34%	44%	34%	18%

Party ID is self-identified party, without leaners; independents include only self-identified independents. Gender is self-reported if the respondent completed the full questionnaire; otherwise, it is based on the interviewer’s determination. If neither are available, it is as reported on the voter file.

*Marianne Williamson was included only on Feb. 28, after she announced she was “unsuspending” her campaign.

Methodology

The New York Times/Siena College poll of 980 registered voters nationwide, including 823 who completed the full survey, was conducted in English and Spanish on cellular and landline telephones from Feb. 25 to 28, 2024. The margin of sampling error is plus or minus 3.5 percentage points for registered voters and plus or minus 3.8 percentage points for the likely electorate. Among those who completed the full survey, the margin of sampling error is plus or minus 4 percentage points for registered voters and plus or minus 4.2 percentage points for the likely electorate.

Sample

The survey is a response rate-adjusted stratified sample of registered voters on the L2 voter file. The sample was selected by The New York Times in multiple steps to account for differential telephone coverage, nonresponse and significant variation in the productivity of telephone numbers by state.

First, records were selected by state. To adjust for noncoverage bias, the L2 voter file was stratified by statehouse district, party, race, gender, marital status, household size, turnout history, age and home ownership. The proportion of registrants with a telephone number and the mean expected response rate were calculated for each stratum. The mean expected response rate was based on a model of unit nonresponse in prior Times/Siena surveys. The initial selection weight was equal to the reciprocal of a stratum’s mean telephone coverage and modeled response rate. For respondents with multiple telephone numbers on the L2 file, the number with the highest modeled response rate was selected.

Second, state records were selected for the national sample. The number of records selected by state was based on a model of unit nonresponse in prior Times/Siena national surveys as a function of state (as a random effect), telephone number quality and other demographic and political characteristics. The state’s share of records was equal to the reciprocal of the mean response rate of the state’s records, divided by the national sum of the weights. In 12 states, the models of response were inadvertently fit using data that did not suppose that “dropoff” respondents – those who completed the questions used for weighting, but subsequently dropped out of the interview before answering the last question – would be counted as completed interviews for this survey. This was corrected with a post-hoc selection weight, described below in the weighting section.

Fielding

The sample was stratified according to political party, race and region and fielded by the Siena College Research Institute, with additional field work by ReconMR, the Public Opinion Research Laboratory at the University of North Florida and the Institute of Policy and Opinion Research at Roanoke College. Interviewers asked for the person named on the voter file and ended the interview if the intended respondent was not available. Overall, 94 percent of respondents were reached on a cellular telephone.

The instrument was translated into Spanish by ReconMR. Bilingual interviewers began the interview in English and were instructed to follow the lead of the respondent in determining whether to conduct the survey in English or Spanish. Monolingual Spanish-speaking respondents who were initially contacted by English-speaking interviewers were recontacted by Spanish-speaking interviewers. Overall, 3 percent of interviews among self-reported Hispanics were conducted in Spanish, including 4 percent of weighted interviews.

An interview was determined to be complete for the purposes of inclusion in the ballot test question if the respondent did not drop out of the survey by the end of the two self-reported variables used in weighting — age and education — and answered at least one of the age, education or presidential election ballot test questions.

Weighting — registered voters

The survey was weighted by The Times using the R survey package in multiple steps.

First, the sample was adjusted for unequal probability of selection by stratum, interacted by whether a respondent was from one of twelve states in which the sample was inadvertently drawn using response models that had been fit supposing that respondents who dropped off would not be counted as completed interviews.

Second, the sample was weighted to match voter file-based parameters for the characteristics of registered voters.

The following targets were used:

• Party (party registration if available, or else classification based on a model of vote choice in prior Times/Siena polls) by whether the respondent’s race is modeled as white or nonwhite (L2 model)

• Age (Self-reported age, or voter file age if the respondent refuses) by gender (L2)

• Race or ethnicity (L2 model)

• Education (four categories of self-reported education level, weighted to match NYT-based targets derived from Times/Siena polls, census data and the L2 voter file)

• White/non-white race by college or non-college educational attainment (L2 model of race weighted to match NYT-based targets for self-reported education)

• Marital status (L2 model)

• Home ownership (L2 model)

• National region (NYT classifications by state) by whether a state was among the 12 states drawn inadvertently supposing that only completed interviews would be classified as complete (See unequal selection weight for additional details).

• Turnout history (NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• Method of voting in the 2020 elections (NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• Metropolitan status (2013 NCHS Urban–Rural Classification Scheme for Counties)

• Census tract educational attainment (NYT classifications based on American Community Survey data)

Finally, the sample of respondents who completed all questions in the survey was weighted identically, as well as to the result for the general election horse race question (including leaners) on the full sample.

Weighting — likely electorate

The survey was weighted by The Times using the R survey package in multiple steps.

First, the samples were adjusted for unequal probability of selection by stratum.

Second, the first-stage weight was adjusted to account for the probability that a registrant would vote in the 2024 election, based on a model of turnout in the 2020 election.

Third, the sample was weighted to match targets for the composition of the likely electorate. The targets for the composition of the likely electorate were derived by aggregating the individual-level turnout estimates described in the previous step for registrants on the L2 voter file. The categories used in weighting were the same as those previously mentioned for registered voters.

Fourth, the initial likely electorate weight was adjusted to incorporate self-reported intention to vote intention. The final probability that a registrant would vote in the 2024 election was four-fifths based on their ex ante modeled turnout score and one-fifth based on their self-reported intentions, based on prior Times/Siena polls, including a penalty to account for the tendency of survey respondents to turn out at higher rates than nonrespondents. The final likely electorate weight was equal to the modeled electorate rake weight, multiplied by the final turnout probability and divided by the ex ante modeled turnout probability.

The margin of error accounts for the survey’s design effect, a measure of the loss of statistical power due to survey design and weighting. The design effect for the full sample is 1.28 for registered voters and 1.45 for the likely electorate. The design effect for the sample of completed interviews is 1.35 for registered voters and 1.53 for the likely electorate.

Historically, The Times/Siena Poll’s error at the 95th percentile has been plus or minus 5.1 percentage points. Real-world error includes sources of error beyond sampling error, such as nonresponse bias and coverage error.

Composition of the Sample

Group	Unweighted All R.V.s	Weighted All R.V.s	Weighted Likely Electorate	N
Gender
Men	50%	49%	48%	492
Women	49	50	51	478
Age
18 to 29	16	16	13	159
30 to 44	26	23	21	251
45 to 64	33	32	34	328
65 and older	19	24	26	189
Education
High school	17	31	29	168
Some college	36	30	30	355
College	24	23	25	237
Post-graduate	22	15	16	214
Home Ownership (L2 Model)
Likely renter	26	27	23	254
Likely homeowner	43	45	51	418
Unknown	31	28	26	308
Marital Status (L2 Model)
Married	33	33	39	327
Nontraditional	9	8	9	93
Unknown	57	58	52	560
Party (Self-Reported)
Democrat	29	28	29	281
Republican	28	30	32	278
Independent	32	32	31	312
Party (Based on L2 Data)
Democrat	34	34	36	335
Republican	29	29	33	282
Other	37	37	31	363
Race (L2 Model)
White	63	63	66	619
Hispanic	13	12	11	128
Black	11	10	8	108
Asian	3	3	3	26
Other	3	3	3	26
Race (L2 Model)
White	63	63	66	619
Nonwhite	29	29	26	288
National Region
Midwest	22	22	22	212
Northeast	22	20	20	218
South	35	35	35	344
West	21	23	23	206
Turnout History (Based on L2 Data)
Voted in last midterm and in a primary	40	41	50	390
Voted in last two midterms	22	23	26	220
Voted in last general, no midterm	13	13	12	128
Did not vote in last general or midterm	15	14	6	150
New registrant	9	8	6	92

Composition of the Sample

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